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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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Do the four Rightly Guided Caliphs have a Sunnah to be followed, as in the hadith of al-'Arba' ibn Sariyah, and is this Sunnah to be followed only by them, or by them and others?

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The questioner : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful:
Noble Shaykh, do the four Rightly Guided Caliphs have a Sunnah to be followed, and is the intention in the hadith of al-'Arba' ibn Sariyah (may Allah be pleased with him):
Follow my Sunnah and the Sunnah of the Rightly Guided Caliphs عليكم بسنتي وسنة الخلفاء الراشدين
the four Caliphs, or does it include other Caliphs? May Allah reward you with good.

The Shaykh : The four Caliphs are Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman, and 'Ali, by the consensus of the Muslims. They are Rightly Guided Caliphs, without doubt, especially Abu Bakr and 'Umar, because the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
So if you had obeyed Abu Bakr and Umar, you would have gone on the right path إن يطيعوا أبا بكر وعمر يرشدوا
Sahih Muslim 681
, and he said:
Stick to the two after me, Abu Bakr and 'Umar. اقتدوا باللذين من بعدي أبي بكر وعمر
Jami` at-Tirmidhi 3662Hasan (Darussalam)
. They have a Sunnah to be followed, without doubt in this, by the command of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).
But the Sunnah of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) takes precedence over them. If the Sunnah is established from the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), then there is no regard for the statement of one of them, nor for the statement of all of them, even though it may be impossible for all of them to agree to contradict the Sunnah of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). However, it may happen that the Sunnah is hidden from some of them. Here is the hadith of the plague: when 'Umar ibn al-Khattab traveled to Sham, and on the way he was told that there was a plague there, he stopped (may Allah be pleased with him) and consulted the Companions with him from the Muhajireen and the Ansar. None of them had a report from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) regarding it. But the opinion settled on returning to Madinah and not risking the Muslims. So he gave permission to depart. Then Abu 'Ubaydah 'Amir ibn al-Jarrah (may Allah be pleased with him) came to him, about whom the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
the Amin of this nation is Abu 'Ubaida. أمين هذه الأمة أبو عبيدة عامر بن الجراح
Sahih al-Bukhari 7255
. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab held him in high esteem and valued him, until when he was stabbed, he said: "If Abu 'Ubaydah were alive, I would have appointed him as my successor", because the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
He is the trustworthy one of this Ummah هو أمين هذه الأمة
. So Abu 'Ubaydah said: "O Commander of the Faithful, how will you return? Are you fleeing from the decree of Allah? He said: Yes, I flee from the decree of Allah to the decree of Allah", meaning if I go to Sham it is by the decree of Allah, and if I return to Madinah it is by the decree of Allah. Then he gave him an example and said: "If you had camels in a valley with two sides—meaning two branches—one of which is fertile and the other barren, on which side would you graze them? He said: On the fertile side. He said: Is that by the decree of Allah? He said: Yes. He said: Then you left the barren side by the decree of Allah, and grazed on the fertile side by the decree of Allah." So he was satisfied.
And during that, 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) came, and he had gone out for a need of his. He said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) say regarding the plague:
If you hear of it in a land, do not advance to it, and if it strikes you while you are in it, do not leave it fleeing from it إذا سمعتم به في أرض فلا تقدموا عليها، وإذا وقع وأنتم فيها فلا تخرجوا منها فرارا منه
.
And without doubt, the Commander of the Faithful was pleased with such a thing, and all the believers were pleased with it.
So the result is that the Sunnah may be hidden from some of the Caliphs, so he may say a statement or do an action that contradicts it without intending it. But for the four of them to agree to contradict the Sunnah, that is far-fetched, and I do not recall an example of it.
And in any case, if the Sunnah of any one of this Ummah contradicts the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), it is obligatory to give precedence to the Sunnah of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). Yes?
Source alathar.net

The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.

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