Discussion of the interpretation of the saying of Allah the Exalted: ((And had it not been for the favor of my Lord, I would have been among those brought [to Him] * Are we then not to die * Except our first death, and we are not to be punished * Indeed, this is the greatest triumph * For such a thing, let the workers work * Is that a better lodging, or the tree of Zaqqum? * Indeed, We have made it a trial for the wrongdoers))
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : I seek refuge in Allah, the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing, from Satan, the accursed... Allah Mighty and Majestic said: [As-Saffat 37:57] This sentence is a nominal sentence consisting of a subject and a predicate. So where is the subject, O...?
The student: Favor
The Shaykh : And where is the predicate?
The student: Omitted
The Shaykh : Omitted by necessity or by permission?
The student: By necessity
The Shaykh : By necessity. What is usually the evidence or proof from Ibn Malik's words regarding this ruling?
The student: "And after lawla, the predicate is usually omitted"
The Shaykh : The predicate of what?
The student: Certainty
The Shaykh : Certainty. What is the estimated predicate in this verse?
The student: And had it not been for the favor of my Lord upon me
The Shaykh : Upon me, or is it present? What is the position of his saying?
The student: The lam...
The Shaykh : What did we say? What is its grammatical analysis? What is its position? Its grammatical analysis is a pause; what is its position in the grammar?
The student: The answer to lawla
The student: The answer to lawla
The Shaykh : The answer to lawla, what is its grammatical position?
The student: It has no grammatical position
The Shaykh : It has no grammatical position because every sentence that serves as the answer to a non-obligatory condition has no grammatical position. This is a rule. Now, we mentioned previously that favor is of two types. Do you agree?
The student: The general one, which encompasses everyone
The Shaykh : The general one, which encompasses everyone
The student: And the specific one, for the believers
The Shaykh : And the specific one, for the believers. Give an example of the first, if you wish, with a proof from the Qur'an, or if you wish, with a proof from reality?
The student: Like sustenance, which is a favor among the favors of Allah, general, encompassing the disbeliever and the believer
The Shaykh :[An-Nahl 16:18] This is general. [Ibrahim 14:34] Now, the specific favor... an example from the Qur'an exists abundantly
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No, you made a mistake in the evidence and argumentation. You...
The student:[As-Saffat 37:57]
The Shaykh : We need a proof for it
The student: The prophets...
The Shaykh : We need a specific favor, not for the prophets, but for the believers in general, and among them are the prophets. Zayd
The student : His saying, the Exalted[Al-Fatihah 1:7]
The Shaykh : His saying, Exalted is He:[Al-Fatihah 1:7] The completion of his saying: [As-Saffat 37:58] Its grammatical analysis, O Ghannam: [As-Saffat 37:58] You were not present yesterday
The student: ...The fa' is a conjunction...
The Shaykh : Either to what came before, or to something estimated and confirmed
The student: ...
The Shaykh : We said that whenever the interrogative hamza enters a conjunction, the scholars have two opinions. We say it is conjoined to what came before, and we say it is conjoined to something estimated that is derived from the context, like And like this, Umar?
The student: Ma is Hijazi and operative
The Shaykh : Operative in what way?
The student: It operates like in
The Shaykh : It operates like in. Then his saying, Exalted is He: contains a grammatical error, because this is a human being, not the operation of in. If it were the operation of in, it would say, "Is this not a human being?"
The student: ...La is a negator of the genus
The Shaykh : La, the negator of the genus, operates like
The student: It operates like laysa
The Shaykh : It operates like laysa. Ibn Malik says
"Laysa made ma less than in, with the negation remaining and the order of zayn"
Yes. Now, La, the negator, operates like laysa, raising the subject and making the predicate accusative. What is its subject?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Its predicate
The student: ...
The Shaykh : All of it is the predicate, it and its subject
The student: By dying
The Shaykh : We said its predicate is "by dying." The preposition entered it as an extra preposition. Thus, extra prepositions do not require a connection. Therefore, it is not correct to say that the predicate is connected to the preposition and the noun in the genitive case, because the extra preposition does not require a connection, so that the operator can act on what it enters. Did you understand? Now, what is the meaning of this interrogation?
The student: Delight
The Shaykh : Delight
The Shaykh : The meaning is that they delight in this ruling, which is the absence of death from them. His saying, Exalted is He:[As-Saffat 37:59] ...What type of interrogation is this?
The student: A disconnected exception
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because it is not connected to what came before
The Shaykh : How is that?
The student: Because our first death, which is intended, is in this world
The Shaykh : And it has passed, and[As-Saffat 37:58] is in the future. So it is not correct that it be an exception from what will come, because it has already passed. Now, his saying, Exalted is He: Why did He not say, "For this, let the workers work"?
The student: This is for the sake of exaggeration in magnification
The Shaykh : For the sake of exaggeration
The student: If He said, "For this, let the workers work," it would be less than His saying, "For such a thing." Just as it is said, "One like you does not stingy," meaning that a man like this does not stingy, meaning that this man is generous in giving, an exaggeration in magnification
The Shaykh : Because the like is the thing compared, and the comparable is the thing compared to, and the state of the thing compared is less than the state of the thing compared to. So if the workers work for the thing compared, how much more so for the thing compared to? As for some saying that "like" is extra, this has no basis. Now, what does the fronting of the preposition and the noun in the genitive case before "let the workers work" mean? That is, the fronting of the preposition and the noun in the genitive case before its operator?
The student: It implies restriction
The Shaykh : Restriction means that the workers should not work except for such a thing. Now, his saying:
الزقوم Do you have it, O Muhammad? Were you present yesterday? His saying: [As-Saffat 37:62] What do you say about "am"? Is it connected or disconnected? The student: Disconnected
The Shaykh : Meaning the estimation is: Is that a better lodging, but rather the tree of Zaqqum?
The student: Connected... meaning
The Shaykh : Connected. What is the difference between the connected and the disconnected?
The student: The disconnected is when what comes before it is different from what comes after it
The Shaykh : What is this?
The student: The disconnected
The Shaykh : And this also, what comes before it is different from what comes after it
The student: Meaning it negates what comes after it, like his saying, Exalted is He: ...
The Shaykh : ...Yes, O Abd al-Rahman, what is the difference between the connected and the disconnected?
The student: The disconnected is that "bal" takes its place, and the separated or
The Shaykh : This is a difference. And the second difference?
The student: This is a difference
The Shaykh : There are two differences, Khalid?
The student: That the connected mentions the equivalent with it, and the separated, what comes before it is equivalent to what comes after it
The Shaykh : What comes before it is equivalent to what comes after it, unlike the disconnected. Ibn Malik says
"And with am, conjoin after the hamza of equality"[Al-Baqarah 2:6]
"Or a hamza from the word 'ay' is sufficient" Meaning, or after a hamza that means "ay." So here, if it is said[As-Saffat 37:62], "ay" takes the place of the hamza, so it is said, "Which of the two is a better lodging?" Clear. Now, the truth is that we need to supplement the interpretation with grammar. Knowledge, and the most important thing for us is the meaning. The issue of grammatical analysis is easier, but even so, in the meaning, you are not doing well. Now, "Is that a better lodging," what is its grammatical analysis?
The student: A specification
The Shaykh : What is it? Where is the specified word? Because a specification requires a specified word. Where is the specified word? If I say, "I have twenty men," "men" is a specification. Where is the specified word?
The student: Twenty
The Shaykh : Here, "better lodging," "lodging" is a specification. So where is the specified word?
The student: Better
The Shaykh : Better. Yes, a specification after a name of superlative, specifying the name of superlative.[Al-Kahf 18:34] What is the specified word for "more"? Now, his saying, Exalted is He: [As-Saffat 37:63] How was the trial?
The student: Meaning a punishment
The Shaykh : No.
The student: We made...
The Shaykh : We made the tree of Zaqqum a trial for the wrongdoers
The student: A penalty
The penalty and the punishment have the same meaning.
The student: Either in the sense of misguidance, where it was a cause for their misguidance, where they said, "How does this tree grow in the fire, and the fire consumes what is in it?" And the second is that it is a test for them and an examination.
The Shaykh : Yes, so "a trial for the wrongdoers" means a test for them, because they say, "How does a tree come out in the fire, and the fire burns the trees?" So they misled the people with this propaganda
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No. Now, we stopped at this last... we did not finish. We took the benefits
The student: ...
The Shaykh : We did not take. There is no power and no strength except by Allah. Allah helps
If not for the favor of my Lord, I would have been of those brought in [to Hell].
ولولا نعمة ربي لكنت من المحضرينThe student: Favor
The Shaykh : And where is the predicate?
The student: Omitted
The Shaykh : Omitted by necessity or by permission?
The student: By necessity
The Shaykh : By necessity. What is usually the evidence or proof from Ibn Malik's words regarding this ruling?
The student: "And after lawla, the predicate is usually omitted"
The Shaykh : The predicate of what?
The student: Certainty
The Shaykh : Certainty. What is the estimated predicate in this verse?
The student: And had it not been for the favor of my Lord upon me
The Shaykh : Upon me, or is it present? What is the position of his saying
I would have been
لكنتThe student: The lam...
The Shaykh : What did we say? What is its grammatical analysis? What is its position? Its grammatical analysis is a pause; what is its position in the grammar?
The student: The answer to lawla
The student: The answer to lawla
The Shaykh : The answer to lawla, what is its grammatical position?
The student: It has no grammatical position
The Shaykh : It has no grammatical position because every sentence that serves as the answer to a non-obligatory condition has no grammatical position. This is a rule. Now, we mentioned previously that favor is of two types. Do you agree?
The student: The general one, which encompasses everyone
The Shaykh : The general one, which encompasses everyone
The student: And the specific one, for the believers
The Shaykh : And the specific one, for the believers. Give an example of the first, if you wish, with a proof from the Qur'an, or if you wish, with a proof from reality?
The student: Like sustenance, which is a favor among the favors of Allah, general, encompassing the disbeliever and the believer
The Shaykh :
And if you should count the favors of Allah, you could not enumerate them
وإن تعدوا نعمة الله لا تحصوهاIndeed, mankind is [generally] most unjust and ungrateful.
إن الإنسان لظلوم كفارThe student: ...
The Shaykh : No, you made a mistake in the evidence and argumentation. You...
The student:
If not for the favor of my Lord
ولولا نعمة ربيThe Shaykh : We need a proof for it
The student: The prophets...
The Shaykh : We need a specific favor, not for the prophets, but for the believers in general, and among them are the prophets. Zayd
The student : His saying, the Exalted
The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor
صراط الذين أنعمت عليهمThe Shaykh : His saying, Exalted is He:
The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor
صراط الذين أنعمت عليهمThen, are we not to die
أفما نحن بميتينThen, are we not to die
أفما نحن بميتينThe student: ...The fa' is a conjunction...
The Shaykh : Either to what came before, or to something estimated and confirmed
The student: ...
The Shaykh : We said that whenever the interrogative hamza enters a conjunction, the scholars have two opinions. We say it is conjoined to what came before, and we say it is conjoined to something estimated that is derived from the context, like
Have they not traveled
أفلم يسيرواHave they not traveled
أولم يسيرواThe student: Ma is Hijazi and operative
The Shaykh : Operative in what way?
The student: It operates like in
The Shaykh : It operates like in. Then his saying, Exalted is He:
This is not a human being
ما هذا بشراThe student: ...La is a negator of the genus
The Shaykh : La, the negator of the genus, operates like
The student: It operates like laysa
The Shaykh : It operates like laysa. Ibn Malik says
"Laysa made ma less than in, with the negation remaining and the order of zayn"
Yes. Now, La, the negator, operates like laysa, raising the subject and making the predicate accusative. What is its subject?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Its predicate
The student: ...
The Shaykh : All of it is the predicate, it and its subject
The student: By dying
The Shaykh : We said its predicate is "by dying." The preposition entered it as an extra preposition. Thus, extra prepositions do not require a connection. Therefore, it is not correct to say that the predicate is connected to the preposition and the noun in the genitive case, because the extra preposition does not require a connection, so that the operator can act on what it enters. Did you understand? Now, what is the meaning of this interrogation?
The student: Delight
The Shaykh : Delight
The Shaykh : The meaning is that they delight in this ruling, which is the absence of death from them. His saying, Exalted is He:
Except for our first death
إلا موتتنا الأولىThe student: A disconnected exception
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because it is not connected to what came before
The Shaykh : How is that?
The student: Because our first death, which is intended, is in this world
The Shaykh : And it has passed, and
Then, are we not to die
أفما نحن بميتينFor such a thing, let the workers work
لمثل هذا فليعمل العاملونThe student: This is for the sake of exaggeration in magnification
The Shaykh : For the sake of exaggeration
The student: If He said, "For this, let the workers work," it would be less than His saying, "For such a thing." Just as it is said, "One like you does not stingy," meaning that a man like this does not stingy, meaning that this man is generous in giving, an exaggeration in magnification
The Shaykh : Because the like is the thing compared, and the comparable is the thing compared to, and the state of the thing compared is less than the state of the thing compared to. So if the workers work for the thing compared, how much more so for the thing compared to? As for some saying that "like" is extra, this has no basis. Now, what does the fronting of the preposition and the noun in the genitive case before "let the workers work" mean? That is, the fronting of the preposition and the noun in the genitive case before its operator?
The student: It implies restriction
The Shaykh : Restriction means that the workers should not work except for such a thing. Now, his saying:
Is that a better provision, or the tree of Zaqqum?
أذلك خير نزلا أم شجرةالزقوم
Is Paradise a better accommodation or the tree of zaqqum?
أذلك خير نزلا أم شجرة الزقومThe Shaykh : Meaning the estimation is: Is that a better lodging, but rather the tree of Zaqqum?
The student: Connected... meaning
The Shaykh : Connected. What is the difference between the connected and the disconnected?
The student: The disconnected is when what comes before it is different from what comes after it
The Shaykh : What is this?
The student: The disconnected
The Shaykh : And this also, what comes before it is different from what comes after it
The student: Meaning it negates what comes after it, like his saying, Exalted is He: ...
The Shaykh : ...Yes, O Abd al-Rahman, what is the difference between the connected and the disconnected?
The student: The disconnected is that "bal" takes its place, and the separated or
The Shaykh : This is a difference. And the second difference?
The student: This is a difference
The Shaykh : There are two differences, Khalid?
The student: That the connected mentions the equivalent with it, and the separated, what comes before it is equivalent to what comes after it
The Shaykh : What comes before it is equivalent to what comes after it, unlike the disconnected. Ibn Malik says
"And with am, conjoin after the hamza of equality"
it is all the same for them whether you warn them or do not warn them
سواء عليهم أنذرتهم أم لم تنذرهم"Or a hamza from the word 'ay' is sufficient" Meaning, or after a hamza that means "ay." So here, if it is said
Is Paradise a better accommodation or the tree of zaqqum?
أذلك خيرا نزلا أم شجرة الزقومThe student: A specification
The Shaykh : What is it? Where is the specified word? Because a specification requires a specified word. Where is the specified word? If I say, "I have twenty men," "men" is a specification. Where is the specified word?
The student: Twenty
The Shaykh : Here, "better lodging," "lodging" is a specification. So where is the specified word?
The student: Better
The Shaykh : Better. Yes, a specification after a name of superlative, specifying the name of superlative.
I am greater than you in wealth
أنا أكثر منك مالاIndeed, We have made it a torment for the wrongdoers.
إنا جعلناها فتنة للظالمينThe student: Meaning a punishment
The Shaykh : No.
The student: We made...
The Shaykh : We made the tree of Zaqqum a trial for the wrongdoers
The student: A penalty
The penalty and the punishment have the same meaning.
The student: Either in the sense of misguidance, where it was a cause for their misguidance, where they said, "How does this tree grow in the fire, and the fire consumes what is in it?" And the second is that it is a test for them and an examination.
The Shaykh : Yes, so "a trial for the wrongdoers" means a test for them, because they say, "How does a tree come out in the fire, and the fire burns the trees?" So they misled the people with this propaganda
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No. Now, we stopped at this last... we did not finish. We took the benefits
The student: ...
The Shaykh : We did not take. There is no power and no strength except by Allah. Allah helps