from those who were given the Scripture before you
من الذين أوتوا الكتاب من قبلكم
But on the condition that
when you have given them their due compensation, desiring chastity, not unlawful sexual intercourse or taking [secret] lovers
إذا آتيتموهن أجورهن محصنين غير مسافحين ولا متخذي أخدان
Allah the Exalted has made it a condition for the permissibility of marrying the chaste women from among the believers and those who were given the Scripture before you, that you give their wages, which are the mahr (bridal gifts) offered in exchange for enjoying the woman. For this reason, Allah the Exalted called them wages, because a wage is what is taken in return for a consideration.
If you give them
إذا آتيتموهن
meaning you have given them,
their due
أجورهن
meaning the wages of these chaste women, which are the mahr.
in a lawful manner
محصنين
This is a state (hal) describing the subject in the phrase:
that you gave them
آتيتموهن
meaning in the state of being chaste, i.e., seeking chastity, the chastity of the woman’s private parts and the man’s private parts, because marriage results in the chastity of the husband’s and wife’s private parts.
not committing fornication
غير مسافحين
not openly committing fornication,
or taking [secret] lovers
ولا متخذي أخدان
meaning not secretly committing fornication. Accordingly, intercourse is divided into three categories: the first is what is lawful through marriage; the second is what is done openly through lewdness and immorality; and the third is what is done secretly through lewdness and immorality. What is lawful? The first one, which is the one that is lawful, where one marries her while being chaste, not a fornicator and not taking lovers. And His saying:
Lovers
أخدان
means friends. The term "khdan" (lovers) is used for a friend, whether male or female. For this reason, Allah the Exalted said in Surat al-Nisa:
nor those who take [secret] lovers
ولا متخذات أخدان
And here He said:
or taking [secret] lovers
ولا متخذي أخدان
This indicates that having lovers applies to both men and women.
Then He, Glory and Exaltation be to Him, said:
And whoever denies the faith - his work has become worthless
ومن يكفر بالإيمان فقد حبط عمله
whoever denies the faith
من يكفر بالإيمان
Is faith something that one can disbelieve in, or is faith the opposite of disbelief? Faith is the opposite of disbelief, but the meaning of faith here is the requirements of faith, which include adhering to the Shari'ah. Because Allah the Exalted mentioned here what is lawful and what is forbidden; so whoever takes them upon himself and acts upon them is a believer, and whoever does not take them upon himself is not a believer. Therefore,
And whoever denies the faith
ومن يكفر بالإيمان
meaning by what faith requires of adhering to the rulings of Islam,
his work has become worthless
فقد حبط عمله
his work has become void and gone. "Work" is a singular noun in the genitive case, which encompasses all deeds, because apostasy nullifies deeds, except that it is required that the person dies upon his apostasy—and may Allah protect us from that—due to His saying, the Exalted:
And whoever of you reverts from his religion [to disbelief] and dies while he is a disbeliever - for those, their deeds have become worthless in this world and the Hereafter, and those are the companions of the Fire, they will abide therein eternally.
ومن يرتدد منكم عن دينه فيمت وهو كافر فأولئك حبطت أعمالهم في الدنيا والآخرة وأولئك أصحاب النار هم فيها خالدون
.
and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers.
وهو في الآخرة من الخاسرين
Allah the Exalted mentioned that he is a loser in the Hereafter, because the manifestation of his loss occurs at that time; otherwise, he is truly a loser in both this world and the Hereafter. Allah the Exalted said:
Say, "Indeed, the losers are the ones who will lose themselves and their families on the Day of Resurrection
قل إن الخاسرين الذين خسروا أنفسهم وأهليهم يوم القيمة
And He said, the Exalted:
for those, their deeds have become worthless in this world and the Hereafter
أولئك حبطت أعمالهم في الدنيا والآخرة
.
I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Shaytan.
O you who have believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows and wipe over your heads and wash your feet to the ankles. And if you are in a state of janabah, then purify yourselves. But if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and do not find water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and hands with it. Allah does not intend to make difficulty for you, but He intends to purify you and complete His favor upon you that you may be grateful.
يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا قمتم إلى الصلاة فاغسلوا وجوهكم وأيديكم إلى المرافق وامسحوا برؤوسكم وأرجلكم إلى الكعبين وإن كنتم جنبا فاطهروا وإن كنتم مرضى أو على سفر أو جاء أحد منكم من الغائط أو لامستم النساء فلم تجدوا ماء فتيمموا صعيدا طيبا فامسحوا بوجوهكم وأيديكم منه ما يريد الله أن يجعل عليكم من حرج ولكن يريد أن ليطهركم وليتم نعمته عليكم لعلكم تشكرون
.
