And those who invoke
والذين يدعون
He said:
"they worship, meaning the disbelievers of Makkah, with a yaa and a taa" Here is an explanation of the word "invoke," an explanation of the waaw pronoun, and a recitation. As for the recitation, the author mentioned that there are two readings: the first reading is "id'uun" with a yaa, and the second reading is "tad'uun" with a taa in the form of address, and both are among the seven canonical readings.
As for "id'uun," he explained it with the word "worship," but the correct meaning is that they worship and ask, because they worship the idols and ask them to bring benefits and avert harms, and they also worship them through bowing, prostration, vows, and other things.
As for the waaw, the author explained it as the disbelievers of Makkah, making the pronoun refer back to the disbelievers of Makkah. Here we ask: Is there anyone who worships idols and invokes idols other than the disbelievers of Makkah? Yes, there are some from them and others. If that is the case, then explaining the general with the specific is a deficiency in the explanation. The explanation that matches the waaw is that it is general for everyone who invokes other than Allah, whether they are the disbelievers of Makkah, the disbelievers of Madinah, the disbelievers of Ta'if, the disbelievers of Iraq, the disbelievers of Sham, the disbelievers of this Ummah, or the disbelievers before them. It is general for everyone who invokes other than Allah; he invokes one who does not judge with anything.
And his saying:
other than Him
من دونه
meaning other than Allah. "Dun" here means "other than," i.e., other than Allah (Mighty and Majestic), and they are the idols. Here the author said:
"and they are the idols" The requirement of the Arabic language would be to say "wa hiya al-asnam" (and they are the idols) because the plural for non-rational things does not take the pronoun of rational things; "hum" is for rational beings. However, the author deviated from the standard "wa hiya al-asnam" to accommodate his saying:
And those who invoke
والذين يدعون
as you know, this is for the rational. That is because Allah (Mighty and Majestic) made these objects of worship, lowering them to the status of rational beings, and despite being in the status of rational beings, they do not judge with anything.
while those they invoke besides Him judge not with anything
والذين يدعون من دونه لا يقضون بشيء
And he did not counter this phrase with the phrase before it, but made it more general. In the first phrase he said:
And Allah judges with truth
والله يقضي بالحق
and here he said:
judge not with anything
لا يقضون بشيء
and he did not say: "they do not judge with the truth," indicating that they do not judge with truth or falsehood, so they are not worthy of being worshipped other than Allah (Mighty and Majestic). Good,
judge not with anything
لا يقضون بشيء
never, neither in legislation nor in decree, nor in truth nor in falsehood. So how can they be partners of Allah? This is the point of negation, meaning if these idols do not judge with anything, how can they be made a partner of Allah? And this means rebuking those who worship these idols other than Allah
Indeed, Allah - He is the Hearing, the Seeing.
إن الله هو السميع العليم
" Al-Sami'
السميع
of their words The All-Seeing
البصير
of their actions" And in his saying:
He is the Hearing
هو السميع
it is permissible for it to be a pronoun of separation, and it is permissible for it to be a subject, and the phrases are the predicate of "inna," but it is better as a pronoun of separation than as a subject.
