The congregation is not attained except by attaining one rak'ah
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Q: Is the congregation attained by attaining the taslim with the imam, or is it not attained except by attaining one rak'ah? And if one joins the congregation while the imam is in the final tashahhud, is it better for them to join with the imam, or should they wait for his taslim and then pray in congregation?
A: The congregation is not attained except by attaining one rak'ah; based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):Muwatta Malik 1:15 which Muslim recorded in his Sahih. However, one who has a valid legal excuse obtains the reward of the congregation even if he does not attain it with the imam; based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): Sahih al-Bukhari 2996 which al-Bukhari recorded in the Sahih. And based on his saying (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding the expedition to Tabuk: Sahih al-Bukhari 4423 and in another narration: Sunan Ibn Majah 2765Sahih (Darussalam) agreed upon by al-Bukhari and Muslim.
And whenever one attains the imam's congregation in the final tashahhud, it is better for them to join with him, due to the generality of his saying (peace and blessings be upon him):Sunan Abi Dawud 572Hasan Sahih (Al-Albani) agreed upon by al-Bukhari and Muslim. And if they pray in congregation by themselves, there is no harm, if Allah wills.
A: The congregation is not attained except by attaining one rak'ah; based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):
Whoever catches a raka of the prayer has caught the prayer.
من أدرك ركعة من الصلاة فقد أدرك الصلاةWhen a slave falls ill or travels, then he will get reward similar to that he gets for good deeds practiced at home when in good health.
إذا مرض العبد أو سافر كتب الله له مثل ما كان يعمل مقيما صحيحًاNarrated Anas bin Malik: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) returned from the Ghazwa of Tabuk, and when he approached Medina, he said, "There are some people in Medina who were with you all the time, you did not travel any portion of the journey nor crossed any valley, but they were with you they (i.e. the people) said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! Even though they were at Medina?" He said, "Yes, because they were stopped by a genuine excuse."
إن في المدينة أقوامًا ما سرتم مسيرًا ولا قطعتم واديًا إلا وهم معكم حبسهم العذرthey shared with you in the reward
إلا شركوكم في الأجرAnd whenever one attains the imam's congregation in the final tashahhud, it is better for them to join with him, due to the generality of his saying (peace and blessings be upon him):
When the iqamah is pronounced for prayer, do not come to it running, but come walking(slowly). You should observe tranquility. The part of the prayer you get(along with the imam) offer it, and the part you miss complete it(afterwards).
إذا أقيمت الصلاة فلا تأتوها تسعون وأتوها تمشون وعليكم السكينة فما أدركتم فصلوا وما فاتكم فأتموا
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.