Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "A name that specifies the named thing absolutely *** is its proper name, like Ja'far and Kharnuq."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : The author said: "A name that specifies the named thing absolutely *** is its proper name",
meaning: the proper name of the name. "Name" is the subject (mubtada'), "specifies the named thing" is its description, and "its proper name" is the predicate (khabar) of the subject. So the proper name of names is the name that specifies its referent, but with an absolute specification. The meaning of his saying "absolutely" is: without the need for an intermediary. It does not require an intermediary. The name that specifies its referent absolutely is the proper name (ism 'alam). This excludes what specifies its referent through an intermediary, such as the demonstrative name, for example, which specifies its referent through the act of pointing. Because the original state is that if I say: "This is Muhammad," the original state is that I say: "This," meaning I point to it. For this reason, it is called a demonstrative name. And this excludes the relative pronoun, the relative pronoun, because it specifies its referent through the relative clause (wasl). If I said: "The one who came," well, who is he? Do you know "the one"?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : You don't know! "The one who stood up," now it is specified. By what is it specified?
The student: By the relative clause.
The Shaykh : By its relative clause, the one attached to the definite noun. This specifies its meaning through the attachment (idafah). The pronoun specifies its meaning through absence and presence. The important point is that what specifies a referent absolutely is the proper name. He said: "like Ja'far and Kharnuq"
"And Qaran and 'Adan and Lahiq *** and Shazqam and Haylah and Washiq"
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) used many examples, and there is no need for them. Yes, meaning, if he had brought one or two examples, that would have been sufficient. But a person sometimes has a burst of energy in some matters. And I think the clock has announced the end of the time.
The reciter: "A name that specifies the named thing absolutely *** is its proper name, like Ja'far and Kharnuq
And Qaran and 'Adan and Lahiq *** and Shazqam and Haylah and Washiq
And a name, a kunyah, and a laqab *** and delay this if another accompanied it.
meaning: the proper name of the name. "Name" is the subject (mubtada'), "specifies the named thing" is its description, and "its proper name" is the predicate (khabar) of the subject. So the proper name of names is the name that specifies its referent, but with an absolute specification. The meaning of his saying "absolutely" is: without the need for an intermediary. It does not require an intermediary. The name that specifies its referent absolutely is the proper name (ism 'alam). This excludes what specifies its referent through an intermediary, such as the demonstrative name, for example, which specifies its referent through the act of pointing. Because the original state is that if I say: "This is Muhammad," the original state is that I say: "This," meaning I point to it. For this reason, it is called a demonstrative name. And this excludes the relative pronoun, the relative pronoun, because it specifies its referent through the relative clause (wasl). If I said: "The one who came," well, who is he? Do you know "the one"?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : You don't know! "The one who stood up," now it is specified. By what is it specified?
The student: By the relative clause.
The Shaykh : By its relative clause, the one attached to the definite noun. This specifies its meaning through the attachment (idafah). The pronoun specifies its meaning through absence and presence. The important point is that what specifies a referent absolutely is the proper name. He said: "like Ja'far and Kharnuq"
"And Qaran and 'Adan and Lahiq *** and Shazqam and Haylah and Washiq"
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) used many examples, and there is no need for them. Yes, meaning, if he had brought one or two examples, that would have been sufficient. But a person sometimes has a burst of energy in some matters. And I think the clock has announced the end of the time.
The reciter: "A name that specifies the named thing absolutely *** is its proper name, like Ja'far and Kharnuq
And Qaran and 'Adan and Lahiq *** and Shazqam and Haylah and Washiq
And a name, a kunyah, and a laqab *** and delay this if another accompanied it.