Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And a sentence, and what is compounded by blending *** this, if it is completed without its 'wayh,' is inflected."
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The Shaykh :"And a sentence": The waw is a conjunction particle. "Sentence" is the subject, and its predicate is omitted, with the implied meaning: "And of it is a sentence."
"And what is compounded by blending": This means that which is compounded by blending, i.e., by mixing, where two words are mixed until they become one word. "What" here is a relative pronoun acting as the subject, and its predicate is omitted, with the implied meaning: "And of it is what is compounded by blending."
"This": The demonstrative refers to the nearest mentioned item, which is the compound formed by blending, and its grammatical position is as a subject. "If": is conditional, and the verb of the condition is "completed." "And without its 'wayh'": is a preposition, its object in the genitive case, and its possessive, attached to "completed." "Is inflected": is a past tense verb in the passive voice, and it is the answer to the condition, which is "if." The implied meaning is: "This, if it is completed without its 'wayh,' is inflected. And if it is completed with its 'wayh'?"
The student: It is built.
The Shaykh : It is built. How do we know that if it is completed with 'wayh,' it is built? From his ruling that if it is completed without 'wayh,' it is inflected. The implication is: if it is completed with 'wayh,' it is built, because the implication establishes the opposite of the stated ruling. So if the stated ruling is that if it is completed without 'wayh,' it is inflected, then the implication is that if it is completed with 'wayh,' it is built. His statement: "And a sentence": A sentence means that among proper names, there are those that are sentences. Is the one that is a sentence considered derived? We say: Yes, it is derived from a sentence. The sentence can be a verbal sentence or a nominal sentence. From the verbal is their saying: "Shaba Qarnaha", "Shaba Qarnaha," meaning: Did the horn of the cow or the sheep turn white? We say: This is a proper name, a name for a man called: Shaba Qarnaha. Good, and from it, what else?
The student: Ta'abbat Sharan.
The Shaykh : Ta'abbat Sharan: Ta'abbat Sharan: is the name of a man. So we say: Ta'abbat Sharan stood up, and I struck Ta'abbat Sharan, and I passed by Ta'abbat Sharan. It is said: And from it is "Shammar": the name of a tribe, Shammar. The origin of Shammar is "shamara," a past tense verb. Some differed and said: Shammar is not from the category of compound by sentence, because the subject to which the predicate is attributed, which is the doer, is not mentioned in it, so it is not a compound. Rather, a compound is what has both the predicate and the subject to which it is attributed. The nominal sentence, the compound from a nominal sentence, is like: "Al-Shanfurī", Al-Shanfurī, its origin is said to be: al-shann furi. And likewise, if you name a person and say: Al-Thaghr bi-ism, name him Al-Thaghr bi-ism, Al-Thaghr bi-ism came, I struck Al-Thaghr bi-ism, I struck Al-Thaghr bi-ism, I passed by Al-Thaghr bi-ism. Good, the compound from a sentence remains narrated as a sentence, meaning the sentence remains as it is, and the inflection is estimated on its end. So if you say: Ja'a Shaba Qarnaha, its inflection is: Ja'a: past tense verb, and Shaba Qarnaha: subject raised with a dammah estimated on its end, prevented from appearing by what?
The student: Narration.
The Shaykh : Narration, because we narrate the sentence as it is. I struck Al-Thaghr bi-ism, I struck: verb and subject, Al-Thaghr bi-ism: object in the accusative case, and its sign of accusative is a fathah estimated on its end, prevented from appearing by narration. I passed by Ta'abbat Sharan - may Allah protect you from its evil - I passed: verb and subject, and the ba: preposition particle, and Ta'abbat Sharan: name in the genitive case with a kasrah estimated on its end, prevented from appearing by narration, and so on. Good, "And a sentence, and what is compounded by blending": meaning and what is compounded by blending, like their saying: "Ba'lubak", a place name, "And Hadramawt": also a place name, "And Ma'dikarab": a man's name. This compound formed by blending is inflected with movements on its end, but it is inflected like what does not decline, it is inflected like what does not decline. So you say, for example: I resided in Ba'lubak, and this is Ba'lubakku, and I passed by Ba'lubakku, is that right?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Good, this is Ba'lubakku, this: subject, and Ba'lubak: predicate of the subject, raised with a visible dammah on its end. And I resided in Ba'lubakku: object in the accusative case with a visible fathah. And I passed by Ba'lubakku: in the genitive case with the ba, and its sign of genitive is the fathah in place of the kasrah, because it is a name that does not decline, and the preventer of its declension is the blending compound. So the compound formed by blending is inflected like a name that does not decline, it is inflected with movements on its end, except that it is in the genitive case with the fathah in place of the kasrah.
"This", this: meaning this, i.e., the compound formed by blending, if it is completed without 'wayh,' it is inflected, and you know, if it is completed with 'wayh,' the famous opinion among them is that it is built on the kasrah, because the origin of 'wayh' is the origin of a verbal noun, and all verbal nouns are built. Its example is: Sibawayh, Sibawayh: a name compounded by blending, Sīb and wayh, what is the meaning of Sīb to you?
The student: What is its meaning?
The Shaykh : And what does it mean?
The student: Apples.
The Shaykh : Apples, and wayh?
The student: Wayh: means pain, meaning at the beginning there is pain.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Then after a while, it becomes wayh.
The Shaykh : A lament, meaning, good, Sibawayh: is built on the kasrah, so you say: This is Sibawayhi, and I honored Sibawayhi, and I passed by Sibawayhi, good.
The student: Is this wayh?
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: Wayh...
The Shaykh : By Allah, it is suitable for wonder, as the brother said, and I do not know if it returned to mean scent? In the Persian language, the scent of apples, yes, good, so if 'wayh' ends a name, it is built on the kasrah. Khalawayh: a man's name compounded from: khal and wayh. Naftawayh: compounded from: naft and wayh, and he is one of the scholars of grammar. It is said that a man read the science of grammar and failed at it, so he cursed him, saying:
"May Allah not bless grammar nor its people *** since it is attributed to Naftawayh
May Allah burn him with half of his name *** and make the rest a lamentation upon him"
What is half of his name?
The student: Naft.
The Shaykh : Naft, and the rest?
The student: Wayh.
The Shaykh : Wayh, yes, meaning he laments, yes, how? Good, in any case, the divisions mentioned by the author: First: he divided the proper name into derived and improvised. The derived: is from a verbal noun, a generic name, a passive participle, an active participle, and an intensive form. And from it is the derived from the verb, like what?
The student: Shammar.
The Shaykh : Shammar, like: Shammar, and Yazid, good. And from it also, and the second category: the improvised, which was not named before the proper name, like: Sa'd, and Udd, and the apparent like: Zaynab, and Maryam, and the like. Then he divided it into another division: into a sentence and a compound, and if you wish, say: into a compound by sentence, and a compound by blending. The first is called: the compound of attribution, and the second is called: the compound of blending. The compound from a sentence is from a nominal sentence, and from a verbal sentence. And the method of its inflection is: that you keep the sentence as it is, narrated, and you estimate the signs of inflection on it as an estimate, and you say: prevented from appearing by narration. As for the blending compound, he mentioned that it is divided into two categories: the first: what is ended with 'wayh, and the second: what is not ended with it. So what is ended with 'wayh is built on the kasrah in all cases, and what is not ended with it is inflected, except that it is in the genitive case with the fathah in place of the kasrah, because it is a name that does not decline. And Allah knows best.
The student: Shaykh?
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: May Allah reward you, what is the benefit of the scholars' division into derived and improvised?
The Shaykh : The proper name.
The student: The knowledge?
The Shaykh : Yes.
"And what is compounded by blending": This means that which is compounded by blending, i.e., by mixing, where two words are mixed until they become one word. "What" here is a relative pronoun acting as the subject, and its predicate is omitted, with the implied meaning: "And of it is what is compounded by blending."
"This": The demonstrative refers to the nearest mentioned item, which is the compound formed by blending, and its grammatical position is as a subject. "If": is conditional, and the verb of the condition is "completed." "And without its 'wayh'": is a preposition, its object in the genitive case, and its possessive, attached to "completed." "Is inflected": is a past tense verb in the passive voice, and it is the answer to the condition, which is "if." The implied meaning is: "This, if it is completed without its 'wayh,' is inflected. And if it is completed with its 'wayh'?"
The student: It is built.
The Shaykh : It is built. How do we know that if it is completed with 'wayh,' it is built? From his ruling that if it is completed without 'wayh,' it is inflected. The implication is: if it is completed with 'wayh,' it is built, because the implication establishes the opposite of the stated ruling. So if the stated ruling is that if it is completed without 'wayh,' it is inflected, then the implication is that if it is completed with 'wayh,' it is built. His statement: "And a sentence": A sentence means that among proper names, there are those that are sentences. Is the one that is a sentence considered derived? We say: Yes, it is derived from a sentence. The sentence can be a verbal sentence or a nominal sentence. From the verbal is their saying: "Shaba Qarnaha", "Shaba Qarnaha," meaning: Did the horn of the cow or the sheep turn white? We say: This is a proper name, a name for a man called: Shaba Qarnaha. Good, and from it, what else?
The student: Ta'abbat Sharan.
The Shaykh : Ta'abbat Sharan: Ta'abbat Sharan: is the name of a man. So we say: Ta'abbat Sharan stood up, and I struck Ta'abbat Sharan, and I passed by Ta'abbat Sharan. It is said: And from it is "Shammar": the name of a tribe, Shammar. The origin of Shammar is "shamara," a past tense verb. Some differed and said: Shammar is not from the category of compound by sentence, because the subject to which the predicate is attributed, which is the doer, is not mentioned in it, so it is not a compound. Rather, a compound is what has both the predicate and the subject to which it is attributed. The nominal sentence, the compound from a nominal sentence, is like: "Al-Shanfurī", Al-Shanfurī, its origin is said to be: al-shann furi. And likewise, if you name a person and say: Al-Thaghr bi-ism, name him Al-Thaghr bi-ism, Al-Thaghr bi-ism came, I struck Al-Thaghr bi-ism, I struck Al-Thaghr bi-ism, I passed by Al-Thaghr bi-ism. Good, the compound from a sentence remains narrated as a sentence, meaning the sentence remains as it is, and the inflection is estimated on its end. So if you say: Ja'a Shaba Qarnaha, its inflection is: Ja'a: past tense verb, and Shaba Qarnaha: subject raised with a dammah estimated on its end, prevented from appearing by what?
The student: Narration.
The Shaykh : Narration, because we narrate the sentence as it is. I struck Al-Thaghr bi-ism, I struck: verb and subject, Al-Thaghr bi-ism: object in the accusative case, and its sign of accusative is a fathah estimated on its end, prevented from appearing by narration. I passed by Ta'abbat Sharan - may Allah protect you from its evil - I passed: verb and subject, and the ba: preposition particle, and Ta'abbat Sharan: name in the genitive case with a kasrah estimated on its end, prevented from appearing by narration, and so on. Good, "And a sentence, and what is compounded by blending": meaning and what is compounded by blending, like their saying: "Ba'lubak", a place name, "And Hadramawt": also a place name, "And Ma'dikarab": a man's name. This compound formed by blending is inflected with movements on its end, but it is inflected like what does not decline, it is inflected like what does not decline. So you say, for example: I resided in Ba'lubak, and this is Ba'lubakku, and I passed by Ba'lubakku, is that right?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Good, this is Ba'lubakku, this: subject, and Ba'lubak: predicate of the subject, raised with a visible dammah on its end. And I resided in Ba'lubakku: object in the accusative case with a visible fathah. And I passed by Ba'lubakku: in the genitive case with the ba, and its sign of genitive is the fathah in place of the kasrah, because it is a name that does not decline, and the preventer of its declension is the blending compound. So the compound formed by blending is inflected like a name that does not decline, it is inflected with movements on its end, except that it is in the genitive case with the fathah in place of the kasrah.
"This", this: meaning this, i.e., the compound formed by blending, if it is completed without 'wayh,' it is inflected, and you know, if it is completed with 'wayh,' the famous opinion among them is that it is built on the kasrah, because the origin of 'wayh' is the origin of a verbal noun, and all verbal nouns are built. Its example is: Sibawayh, Sibawayh: a name compounded by blending, Sīb and wayh, what is the meaning of Sīb to you?
The student: What is its meaning?
The Shaykh : And what does it mean?
The student: Apples.
The Shaykh : Apples, and wayh?
The student: Wayh: means pain, meaning at the beginning there is pain.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Then after a while, it becomes wayh.
The Shaykh : A lament, meaning, good, Sibawayh: is built on the kasrah, so you say: This is Sibawayhi, and I honored Sibawayhi, and I passed by Sibawayhi, good.
The student: Is this wayh?
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: Wayh...
The Shaykh : By Allah, it is suitable for wonder, as the brother said, and I do not know if it returned to mean scent? In the Persian language, the scent of apples, yes, good, so if 'wayh' ends a name, it is built on the kasrah. Khalawayh: a man's name compounded from: khal and wayh. Naftawayh: compounded from: naft and wayh, and he is one of the scholars of grammar. It is said that a man read the science of grammar and failed at it, so he cursed him, saying:
"May Allah not bless grammar nor its people *** since it is attributed to Naftawayh
May Allah burn him with half of his name *** and make the rest a lamentation upon him"
What is half of his name?
The student: Naft.
The Shaykh : Naft, and the rest?
The student: Wayh.
The Shaykh : Wayh, yes, meaning he laments, yes, how? Good, in any case, the divisions mentioned by the author: First: he divided the proper name into derived and improvised. The derived: is from a verbal noun, a generic name, a passive participle, an active participle, and an intensive form. And from it is the derived from the verb, like what?
The student: Shammar.
The Shaykh : Shammar, like: Shammar, and Yazid, good. And from it also, and the second category: the improvised, which was not named before the proper name, like: Sa'd, and Udd, and the apparent like: Zaynab, and Maryam, and the like. Then he divided it into another division: into a sentence and a compound, and if you wish, say: into a compound by sentence, and a compound by blending. The first is called: the compound of attribution, and the second is called: the compound of blending. The compound from a sentence is from a nominal sentence, and from a verbal sentence. And the method of its inflection is: that you keep the sentence as it is, narrated, and you estimate the signs of inflection on it as an estimate, and you say: prevented from appearing by narration. As for the blending compound, he mentioned that it is divided into two categories: the first: what is ended with 'wayh, and the second: what is not ended with it. So what is ended with 'wayh is built on the kasrah in all cases, and what is not ended with it is inflected, except that it is in the genitive case with the fathah in place of the kasrah, because it is a name that does not decline. And Allah knows best.
The student: Shaykh?
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: May Allah reward you, what is the benefit of the scholars' division into derived and improvised?
The Shaykh : The proper name.
The student: The knowledge?
The Shaykh : Yes.