Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "An explicit description is the relative clause of the definite article *** and its being with a conjugated verb is rare."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : The author says: "An explicit description is the relative clause of the definite article":
"Description" is a fronted predicate, and "the relative clause of the definite article" is a delayed subject. We chose to make "the description of the definite article" the subject because it is definite, whereas the description is indefinite. The rule is that the definite noun is the subject, because it is the one about whom judgment is passed, so it must be known. If two words come to you, each of which can serve as a subject, which one do you make the subject?
The student: The definite noun.
The Shaykh : The definite noun, because it is the one about whom judgment is passed. So: "An explicit description" is a fronted predicate, and "the relative clause of the definite article" is a delayed subject. What is an explicit description? It is an explicit description that is not mixed with interpretation. It consists of three things: the active participle, the passive participle, and the comparative adjective. The active participle, the passive participle, and the comparative adjective. By saying "explicit," we exclude the description that is not explicit, such as when it is a verbal noun. A verbal noun can be used as a description, and one says: "So-and-so is contentment" or "So-and-so is justice." Here, contentment and justice are not explicit descriptions. Consequently, the definite article does not become a relative article, because the relative article must have an explicit description as its clause. Likewise, "the lion" can be used as a description, but it is not an explicit description, so the definite article entering it, even in the position of description, does not become a relative article, because the relative article does not have as its clause anything but an explicit description. The closest to this confusion—as they say—is to say: The definite article that enters the active participle, the passive participle, and the comparative adjective is a relative article, and the definite article that enters anything else is not a relative article. I think this is the closest. Now, "An explicit description is the relative clause of the definite article *** and its being with a conjugated verb is rare":
This means that the relative clause, or the definite article being a relative article with a conjugated verb, is rare. That is, the definite article being described with a conjugated verb. And what is a conjugated verb?
The student: The present tense verb.
The Shaykh : The present tense verb, because the past tense and the imperative are both uninflected. So the author (may Allah have mercy on him) informed us that the definite article can be connected with the present tense verb. It can be connected with the present tense verb, but it is rare. Rare among the Arabs. And if it is rare among the Arabs, it should be even rarer for us. Yes, now. And they cited for this, or cited on this, the saying of the poet:
"You are not the judge whose judgment is pleasing *** nor the evening star, nor the one of opinion and debate",
"You are not the judge whose judgment is pleasing", and note that the rule for the solar and lunar definite article requires us to say: "You are not the judge whose judgment is pleasing", because the definite article accompanied by the letter taa, what is it?
The student: Solar.
The Shaykh : Solar? Or: ?
The student: Lunar.
Another student: Solar.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Solar.
The Shaykh : Lunar or solar?! The definite article entering the letter taa?
The student: Solar.
The Shaykh : Solar. You say:Sunan Ibn Majah 4250Da’if (Darussalam), in the Qur'an: , but here we do not make it solar; we make it lunar, because the relative definite article is in the position of a separated word, because the relative pronoun and its clause are considered one unit. So in the pronunciation of the verse, it is said:
"You are not the judge whose judgment is pleasing", whose judgment is pleasing, and we do not say: whose judgment is pleasing. Now,
"whose judgment is pleasing *** nor the evening star, nor the one of opinion and debate".
It also enters and connects with the adverb of time or place, that is, it connects: with the definite article. The definite article is connected with the adverb, but this is also rare. And on this is the saying of the poet:
"Whoever does not cease to be patient with what he has *** is content with a life of abundance"
-Pay attention-
"Whoever does not cease to be patient with what he has *** is content with a life of abundance"
The meaning of "with what he has" is: with what is with him, meaning the person who is patient with what he has of provision and livelihood: "is content with a life of abundance", because Allah the Exalted said:[At-Talaq 65:7], "and contentment is a treasure that does not run out". Now, so the definite article is connected by analogy with the active participle, like: the striker, and the passive participle, like: the struck one, and the comparative adjective, like: the brave one. And it is connected rarely with the present tense verb, and on this is the saying of the poet:
"You are not the judge whose judgment is pleasing *** nor the evening star, nor the one of opinion and debate",
And it is also connected rarely with the adverb, a phrase resembling a sentence, and on this is the saying of the poet:
"Whoever does not cease to be patient with what he has *** is content with a life of abundance".
The student: The time is up.
The Shaykh : Is it finished?!
"Description" is a fronted predicate, and "the relative clause of the definite article" is a delayed subject. We chose to make "the description of the definite article" the subject because it is definite, whereas the description is indefinite. The rule is that the definite noun is the subject, because it is the one about whom judgment is passed, so it must be known. If two words come to you, each of which can serve as a subject, which one do you make the subject?
The student: The definite noun.
The Shaykh : The definite noun, because it is the one about whom judgment is passed. So: "An explicit description" is a fronted predicate, and "the relative clause of the definite article" is a delayed subject. What is an explicit description? It is an explicit description that is not mixed with interpretation. It consists of three things: the active participle, the passive participle, and the comparative adjective. The active participle, the passive participle, and the comparative adjective. By saying "explicit," we exclude the description that is not explicit, such as when it is a verbal noun. A verbal noun can be used as a description, and one says: "So-and-so is contentment" or "So-and-so is justice." Here, contentment and justice are not explicit descriptions. Consequently, the definite article does not become a relative article, because the relative article must have an explicit description as its clause. Likewise, "the lion" can be used as a description, but it is not an explicit description, so the definite article entering it, even in the position of description, does not become a relative article, because the relative article does not have as its clause anything but an explicit description. The closest to this confusion—as they say—is to say: The definite article that enters the active participle, the passive participle, and the comparative adjective is a relative article, and the definite article that enters anything else is not a relative article. I think this is the closest. Now, "An explicit description is the relative clause of the definite article *** and its being with a conjugated verb is rare":
This means that the relative clause, or the definite article being a relative article with a conjugated verb, is rare. That is, the definite article being described with a conjugated verb. And what is a conjugated verb?
The student: The present tense verb.
The Shaykh : The present tense verb, because the past tense and the imperative are both uninflected. So the author (may Allah have mercy on him) informed us that the definite article can be connected with the present tense verb. It can be connected with the present tense verb, but it is rare. Rare among the Arabs. And if it is rare among the Arabs, it should be even rarer for us. Yes, now. And they cited for this, or cited on this, the saying of the poet:
"You are not the judge whose judgment is pleasing *** nor the evening star, nor the one of opinion and debate",
"You are not the judge whose judgment is pleasing", and note that the rule for the solar and lunar definite article requires us to say: "You are not the judge whose judgment is pleasing", because the definite article accompanied by the letter taa, what is it?
The student: Solar.
The Shaykh : Solar?
The repentant from the sin
التَّائب مِن الذنبThe repentant
الْتائِبThe student: Lunar.
Another student: Solar.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Solar.
The Shaykh : Lunar or solar?! The definite article entering the letter taa?
The student: Solar.
The Shaykh : Solar. You say:
The one who repents from sin is like one who did not sin.
التائب من الذنب كمن لا ذنب لهThe repentant
التائبون"You are not the judge whose judgment is pleasing", whose judgment is pleasing, and we do not say: whose judgment is pleasing. Now,
"whose judgment is pleasing *** nor the evening star, nor the one of opinion and debate".
It also enters and connects with the adverb of time or place, that is, it connects: with the definite article. The definite article is connected with the adverb, but this is also rare. And on this is the saying of the poet:
"Whoever does not cease to be patient with what he has *** is content with a life of abundance"
-Pay attention-
"Whoever does not cease to be patient with what he has *** is content with a life of abundance"
The meaning of "with what he has" is: with what is with him, meaning the person who is patient with what he has of provision and livelihood: "is content with a life of abundance", because Allah the Exalted said:
Allah does not charge a soul except [according to] what He has given it. Allah will bring about, after hardship, ease.
لا يكلفُ اللهُ نفسًا إلا ما آتاها سيجعلُ اللهُ بعد عُسرٍ يُسرًا"You are not the judge whose judgment is pleasing *** nor the evening star, nor the one of opinion and debate",
And it is also connected rarely with the adverb, a phrase resembling a sentence, and on this is the saying of the poet:
"Whoever does not cease to be patient with what he has *** is content with a life of abundance".
The student: The time is up.
The Shaykh : Is it finished?!