Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "Likewise, the one that is declined by the relative pronoun is declined *** Like 'marra' with the one you passed by, so he is righteous."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : But as for what is declined by a preposition, the author says regarding it:
"Likewise, the one that is declined by the relative pronoun is declined *** Like 'marra' with the one you passed by, so he is righteous":
Pay attention to this example; it has conditions.
"Likewise, the one that is declined": "Kadha" means the pronoun that is declined.
"By what the relative pronoun declined": That is, by a preposition that declined the relative pronoun. Accordingly, we parse the relative pronoun as the object of "declined," placed before the verb. The intended meaning of the verse is: "Likewise, the one that is declined by what declined the relative pronoun": That is, by a preposition that declined the relative pronoun such that the relative pronoun is declined by the preposition "ba," and the resumptive pronoun is declined by the preposition "ba." If the prepositions differ, there is no deletion. Pay attention: Now, the resumptive pronoun declined by a preposition is deleted on the condition that it is declined by what? By the preposition that declined the relative pronoun. This is taken from the author's statement: "By what the relative pronoun declined": Because the relative pronoun here is the object placed before "declined," meaning: by the one who declined the relative pronoun. Then he gave an example, saying:
"Like 'marra' with the one you passed by, so he is righteous":
"So he is righteous" completes the verse. "Marra with the one you passed by": Its original form is: "Marra with the one you passed by with it." "Marra with the one you passed by with it," so the pronoun declined by "ba" was deleted, and the preposition was deleted because it is not possible for a preposition to remain without a declined noun. "Marra with the one you passed by with it": This is the original form. "Marra with the one you passed by": This is after what?
The student: After deletion.
The Shaykh : After deletion. Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, said:[Al-Mu'minun 23:33], and its original form is: "from what you drink from it," but the resumptive pronoun, which is the pronoun declined by "min," was deleted, and the preposition was deleted because it is not possible for it to remain alone, and the verse became: . Now, if the preposition differs, the declined noun is not deleted. So if I say: "I desired what you desired from," I desired what you desired from, can we delete the pronoun in "from it"?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because of the difference in the preposition.
The Shaykh : Because of the difference in the preposition, it is necessary that the preposition and the declined noun exist, "in what you desired from," and deletion is not permissible. Now, it is also required that the governing word to which the preposition is attached matches in word and meaning the one to which the relative pronoun is attached. That is, the governing word to which the preposition is attached must match the governing word that declined the relative pronoun in word and meaning. In word and meaning—pay attention—the second condition: First, we said: It is required that the two prepositions agree, that is one. Second: It is required that the two governing words agree in word and meaning. It is required that the two governing words agree in word and meaning. An example of that is if you say: "And what is the matter with this?"
The student: Leave it, let it be.
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: Leave it, let it be.
The Shaykh : Allah is the Helper. Yes, how?
The student: Let it be without it.
The Shaykh : But the recorders.
The student: Look at the first one.
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: Look at the first one.
The Shaykh : Look at the first one, because it seems only two minutes are left, but we have the *Kafiyah*.
The student: Like this?
The Shaykh : Yes, now, agreement of the two prepositions, agreement of the two governing words in word and meaning. Its example is: "I passed by the one you passed by with it." Here, the two governing words agree: "I passed by the one you passed by," all are "marra." The prepositions?
The student: They agree.
The Shaykh : They agree, and they are? "Ba." The meaning is also the same: "I passed by the one you passed by with it." If the preposition differs, deletion is prohibited. Its example is: "I desired what you desired from." And if the word of the governing words differs, deletion is prohibited. So if I say: "I stood on the one you stood on," "I stood on what you stood on," I stood on what you stood on, meaning: I stood, is deletion prohibited or not?
The student: Prohibited.
The Shaykh : Deletion is prohibited. Why? Because of the difference in the governing words in word.
The student: And their difference in meaning.
The Shaykh : No, the meaning is the same! "I stood on what you stood on": The meaning is the same, but the word is different. Now, if I say: "I stood on what you stood on," or—yes—"I stood on the one you stood on," you intend by the first "standing" (qiyam), and you intend by the second "stopping" (wuquf), which is endowment and distribution, is deletion permissible?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because of the difference in the governing words.
The Shaykh : Because of the difference in the governing words in meaning. So the condition for the resumptive pronoun declined by a preposition is: agreement of the two prepositions, and agreement of the two governing words in word and meaning. The example in the Book of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, is:[Al-Mu'minun 23:33], and in the words of the author: "I passed by the one you passed by, so he is righteous", and Allah knows best.
The student: Shaykh!
The Shaykh : Yes?
"Likewise, the one that is declined by the relative pronoun is declined *** Like 'marra' with the one you passed by, so he is righteous":
Pay attention to this example; it has conditions.
"Likewise, the one that is declined": "Kadha" means the pronoun that is declined.
"By what the relative pronoun declined": That is, by a preposition that declined the relative pronoun. Accordingly, we parse the relative pronoun as the object of "declined," placed before the verb. The intended meaning of the verse is: "Likewise, the one that is declined by what declined the relative pronoun": That is, by a preposition that declined the relative pronoun such that the relative pronoun is declined by the preposition "ba," and the resumptive pronoun is declined by the preposition "ba." If the prepositions differ, there is no deletion. Pay attention: Now, the resumptive pronoun declined by a preposition is deleted on the condition that it is declined by what? By the preposition that declined the relative pronoun. This is taken from the author's statement: "By what the relative pronoun declined": Because the relative pronoun here is the object placed before "declined," meaning: by the one who declined the relative pronoun. Then he gave an example, saying:
"Like 'marra' with the one you passed by, so he is righteous":
"So he is righteous" completes the verse. "Marra with the one you passed by": Its original form is: "Marra with the one you passed by with it." "Marra with the one you passed by with it," so the pronoun declined by "ba" was deleted, and the preposition was deleted because it is not possible for a preposition to remain without a declined noun. "Marra with the one you passed by with it": This is the original form. "Marra with the one you passed by": This is after what?
The student: After deletion.
The Shaykh : After deletion. Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, said:
He eats of that from which you eat and drinks of what you drink.
يأكلُ مما تأكلون منه ويشربُ مما تشربونfrom what you drink
مما تشربونThe student: No.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because of the difference in the preposition.
The Shaykh : Because of the difference in the preposition, it is necessary that the preposition and the declined noun exist, "in what you desired from," and deletion is not permissible. Now, it is also required that the governing word to which the preposition is attached matches in word and meaning the one to which the relative pronoun is attached. That is, the governing word to which the preposition is attached must match the governing word that declined the relative pronoun in word and meaning. In word and meaning—pay attention—the second condition: First, we said: It is required that the two prepositions agree, that is one. Second: It is required that the two governing words agree in word and meaning. It is required that the two governing words agree in word and meaning. An example of that is if you say: "And what is the matter with this?"
The student: Leave it, let it be.
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: Leave it, let it be.
The Shaykh : Allah is the Helper. Yes, how?
The student: Let it be without it.
The Shaykh : But the recorders.
The student: Look at the first one.
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: Look at the first one.
The Shaykh : Look at the first one, because it seems only two minutes are left, but we have the *Kafiyah*.
The student: Like this?
The Shaykh : Yes, now, agreement of the two prepositions, agreement of the two governing words in word and meaning. Its example is: "I passed by the one you passed by with it." Here, the two governing words agree: "I passed by the one you passed by," all are "marra." The prepositions?
The student: They agree.
The Shaykh : They agree, and they are? "Ba." The meaning is also the same: "I passed by the one you passed by with it." If the preposition differs, deletion is prohibited. Its example is: "I desired what you desired from." And if the word of the governing words differs, deletion is prohibited. So if I say: "I stood on the one you stood on," "I stood on what you stood on," I stood on what you stood on, meaning: I stood, is deletion prohibited or not?
The student: Prohibited.
The Shaykh : Deletion is prohibited. Why? Because of the difference in the governing words in word.
The student: And their difference in meaning.
The Shaykh : No, the meaning is the same! "I stood on what you stood on": The meaning is the same, but the word is different. Now, if I say: "I stood on what you stood on," or—yes—"I stood on the one you stood on," you intend by the first "standing" (qiyam), and you intend by the second "stopping" (wuquf), which is endowment and distribution, is deletion permissible?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because of the difference in the governing words.
The Shaykh : Because of the difference in the governing words in meaning. So the condition for the resumptive pronoun declined by a preposition is: agreement of the two prepositions, and agreement of the two governing words in word and meaning. The example in the Book of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, is:
He eats of that from which you eat and drinks of what you drink.
يأكلُ مما تأكلون منه ويشربُ مما تشربونThe student: Shaykh!
The Shaykh : Yes?