Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And this is a defect in it, like the plural of *jawari* *** in the nominative and genitive, its treatment is like *sari*."
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The Shaykh :"And this is a defect in it, like the plural of *jawari* *** in the nominative and genitive, its treatment is like *sari*"
"This is a defect." "This" is in the accusative case. Accusative on what? On *ishtighal* (occupation). Is its accusative obligatory, or preferred, or permissible, or equal on both sides?
The student: It is obligatory.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: It is obligatory.
The Shaykh : Obligatory? Do you agree with both? We said: The five rulings apply to it: obligatory, prohibited, preferred, not preferred, and equal on both sides. No, this is not obligatory. This is not obligatory because the accusative is obligatory on *ishtighal*, except when a particle follows that is only followed by a verb. But if the occupied thing is a request, as here, where its treatment is an imperative verb, then if it is occupied, the preferred option is the accusative. The preferred option. Okay, "and this is a defect" means: and the treatment of this defect, meaning: whatever ends with a letter of defect of this pattern, its treatment in the nominative and genitive is like *sari*. *Sari*: is this a present participle or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Defective, here with a *ya*. In the state of the nominative and in the state of the genitive, in the state of the nominative and in the state of the genitive, the *ya* is deleted and the *ra* is tanweened. So you say: This is *sari*.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Here? Is that not so?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : This is *sari*, and you say in the genitive: I passed by?
The student: By *sari*.
The Shaykh : By *sari*, I passed by *sari*. Its parsing? This is a subject, and *sari* is the predicate of the subject, raised with a *damma* estimated on the deleted *ya* due to the meeting of? Two static letters. And the tanween here is a substitute for the letter, what?
The student: The deleted one.
The Shaykh : The deleted one. And you say: I passed by *sari*. "I passed by" is a verb and a subject, and the *ba* is a preposition, and *sari* is a name in the genitive case by the *ba*, and its sign of the genitive is a *kasrah* estimated on the deleted *ya* due to the meeting of two static letters, and the tanween here is a substitute for the deleted *ya*. Okay, when the form of the extreme plural comes and it is defective in the end, Ibn Malik says that you treat it like *sari*. What does it mean to treat it like *sari*? That you delete the letter of defect. What after that?
The student: You tanween it.
The Shaykh : And you tanween it. An example of that is His saying, the Exalted:[Al-A'raf 7:41] [Al-A'raf 7:41] This has no evidence in it. [Al-A'raf 7:41] The word *ghawash* is this a plural or a singular?
The student: A plural.
The Shaykh : And what type of plural is this? The extreme plural. *Ghawash* is on the pattern *fa'ail*, on the pattern *fa'ail*, the form of the extreme plural. The one in the Qur'an now, the *ya* was deleted and what came before it was tanweened, and it remained short as it is. So we say, for example, in its parsing: "From above" is a name in the genitive case, a predicate placed before, and *ghawash*? A subject placed after, raised with a *damma* estimated? Here?
The student: On the yaa.
The Shaykh : On the *ya*, here?
The student: The deleted one.
The Shaykh : The deleted one due to the meeting of two static letters, and the *nun* is a substitute for the deleted *ya*. Are you with me? This is in the state of the nominative. Ibn Malik says: "In the nominative and genitive" Likewise, in the genitive, it is treated like *sari*, meaning: the *ya* is deleted and what came before it is tanweened. What is its example? Like saying: I passed by *jawari* who are playing. I passed by *jawari* who are playing. *Jawari* is the plural of *jawara* and its pattern is here?
The student: *Fa'ail*.
The Shaykh : *Fa'ail*. "I passed by" is a verb and a subject, and by *jawari*? The *ba* is a preposition, and *jawari* is a name in the genitive case by the *ba*, and its sign of the genitive is a *fathah* estimated on the deleted *ya* due to the meeting of two static letters, in place of the *kasrah* because it is a name that does not decline, and what prevents it from declining is what?
The student: The extreme plural.
The Shaykh : The form of the extreme plural. And from the words of Ibn Malik: "In the nominative and genitive", it is known that in the state of the accusative, it is not treated like *sari*, but rather the letter of defect remains in the accusative case without tanween. The letter of defect remains in the accusative case without tanween. Are you with me, Isa?
The student: Yes, we are with you.
The Shaykh : And do you understand?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Okay, Allah the Exalted said: Here?
The student:.
The Shaykh :[An-Nahl 16:15] Here [Al-Insan 76:4] But it is not of this type But is of this type. Is it defective with a *ya*? *Rawasi*? Defective with a *ya*, and the *ya* remained in the state of the accusative, in the accusative case. The summary of this verse: That whoever is pluralized on the form of the extreme plural, he does not escape being either in the nominative, or in the genitive, or in the accusative. If it is in the nominative or in the accusative, here? Then it is permissible to treat it as a defective with a *ya*, like: *sari*. So you say: These are *jawari*, and I passed by, here? By *jawari*. If it is in the accusative, then the *ya* remains open without tanween, so you say: I saw *jawari* who are playing. And it is not correct to say: I saw *jawari*. And it is not correct to say: I saw *jawariyan*, but the *ya* remains open without tanween. And from that is His saying, the Exalted: [An-Nahl 16:15] Is it clear now? Here?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes, because when he said this, one might think that this includes the defective. Yes, yes?
The student: The form of the extreme plural, one defect?
The Shaykh : One defect is sufficient, yes.
The student: O Shaykh, is *ghawashi* in the accusative case with the visible *fathah*?
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The parsing of the nominative?
The Shaykh : Huh?
"This is a defect." "This" is in the accusative case. Accusative on what? On *ishtighal* (occupation). Is its accusative obligatory, or preferred, or permissible, or equal on both sides?
The student: It is obligatory.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: It is obligatory.
The Shaykh : Obligatory? Do you agree with both? We said: The five rulings apply to it: obligatory, prohibited, preferred, not preferred, and equal on both sides. No, this is not obligatory. This is not obligatory because the accusative is obligatory on *ishtighal*, except when a particle follows that is only followed by a verb. But if the occupied thing is a request, as here, where its treatment is an imperative verb, then if it is occupied, the preferred option is the accusative. The preferred option. Okay, "and this is a defect" means: and the treatment of this defect, meaning: whatever ends with a letter of defect of this pattern, its treatment in the nominative and genitive is like *sari*. *Sari*: is this a present participle or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Defective, here with a *ya*. In the state of the nominative and in the state of the genitive, in the state of the nominative and in the state of the genitive, the *ya* is deleted and the *ra* is tanweened. So you say: This is *sari*.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Here? Is that not so?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : This is *sari*, and you say in the genitive: I passed by?
The student: By *sari*.
The Shaykh : By *sari*, I passed by *sari*. Its parsing? This is a subject, and *sari* is the predicate of the subject, raised with a *damma* estimated on the deleted *ya* due to the meeting of? Two static letters. And the tanween here is a substitute for the letter, what?
The student: The deleted one.
The Shaykh : The deleted one. And you say: I passed by *sari*. "I passed by" is a verb and a subject, and the *ba* is a preposition, and *sari* is a name in the genitive case by the *ba*, and its sign of the genitive is a *kasrah* estimated on the deleted *ya* due to the meeting of two static letters, and the tanween here is a substitute for the deleted *ya*. Okay, when the form of the extreme plural comes and it is defective in the end, Ibn Malik says that you treat it like *sari*. What does it mean to treat it like *sari*? That you delete the letter of defect. What after that?
The student: You tanween it.
The Shaykh : And you tanween it. An example of that is His saying, the Exalted:
They will have from Hell a bed and over them coverings
لهم من جهنّم مهاد ومن فوقهم غواشThey will have from Hell a bed
لهم من جهنّم مهادover them coverings
ومن فوقهم غواشٍThe student: A plural.
The Shaykh : And what type of plural is this? The extreme plural. *Ghawash* is on the pattern *fa'ail*, on the pattern *fa'ail*, the form of the extreme plural. The one in the Qur'an now, the *ya* was deleted and what came before it was tanweened, and it remained short as it is. So we say, for example, in its parsing: "From above" is a name in the genitive case, a predicate placed before, and *ghawash*? A subject placed after, raised with a *damma* estimated? Here?
The student: On the yaa.
The Shaykh : On the *ya*, here?
The student: The deleted one.
The Shaykh : The deleted one due to the meeting of two static letters, and the *nun* is a substitute for the deleted *ya*. Are you with me? This is in the state of the nominative. Ibn Malik says: "In the nominative and genitive" Likewise, in the genitive, it is treated like *sari*, meaning: the *ya* is deleted and what came before it is tanweened. What is its example? Like saying: I passed by *jawari* who are playing. I passed by *jawari* who are playing. *Jawari* is the plural of *jawara* and its pattern is here?
The student: *Fa'ail*.
The Shaykh : *Fa'ail*. "I passed by" is a verb and a subject, and by *jawari*? The *ba* is a preposition, and *jawari* is a name in the genitive case by the *ba*, and its sign of the genitive is a *fathah* estimated on the deleted *ya* due to the meeting of two static letters, in place of the *kasrah* because it is a name that does not decline, and what prevents it from declining is what?
The student: The extreme plural.
The Shaykh : The form of the extreme plural. And from the words of Ibn Malik: "In the nominative and genitive", it is known that in the state of the accusative, it is not treated like *sari*, but rather the letter of defect remains in the accusative case without tanween. The letter of defect remains in the accusative case without tanween. Are you with me, Isa?
The student: Yes, we are with you.
The Shaykh : And do you understand?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Okay, Allah the Exalted said:
And He cast into the earth
وألقى في الأرضThe student:
Rawaasi
رواسيThe Shaykh :
And He has cast into the earth
وألقى في الأرض رواسيIndeed, We have prepared for the disbelievers chains
إنا أعتدنا للكافرين سلاسلاAnd shackles and a blazing Fire
وأغلالًا وسعيرًاRawaasi
رواسيAnd He has cast into the earth
وألقى في الأرض رواسيThe student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes, because when he said this, one might think that this includes the defective. Yes, yes?
The student: The form of the extreme plural, one defect?
The Shaykh : One defect is sufficient, yes.
The student: O Shaykh, is *ghawashi* in the accusative case with the visible *fathah*?
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The parsing of the nominative?
The Shaykh : Huh?