Continuation of the explanation of Ibn Malik’s (may Allah have mercy on him) saying: “Or it was predicated of a subject with the particle of inception *** Or it was a verb bound to the front, like ‘Who has a helper for me?’”
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The Shaykh :“Or it was predicated of a subject with the particle of inception *** Or it was a verb bound to the front, like ‘Who has a helper for me?’”
Do you have “bound to the front” (lāzim al-ṣadr) or “bound” (lāzim)?
The student: With the kasrah.
The Shaykh : With the kasrah, yes. If it is predicated of a subject that is a verb bound to the front—meaning it has the position of the front—it is not permissible to place it before the predicate. For example: “Who has a helper for me?”: Here, “who” is the subject, “for me” is its predicate, and “a helper” is a state. This means that if the subject has the position of the front, it is not permissible for the predicate to precede it. Or, if it is predicated of what? The pronoun refers to what? To what? “Or it was predicated”: The pronoun refers to the predicate. “Predicated of one who”: That is, of a subject that is a verb bound to the front, or if it is predicated of a verb bound to the front. What is a verb bound to the front? There are words that must have the position of the front, such as the interrogative. The interrogative has the position of the front. So, if it has the position of the front, meaning if the subject has the position of the front, it is not permissible for the predicate to precede it. For example: “Who has”, so it is not permissible for me to say: “Has who”. And a clearer example: “Who is Zayd,” “Who is Zayd,” it is not permissible for me to say: “Zayd is who.” Why is it not permissible? Because the subject has the position of the front, and if it has the position of the front, the predicate cannot precede it so that it remains in its place, because the original place, which is the front, would be lost. Now, how many things are there? Let us limit them now and count them: First: If the subject and the predicate are equal in being definite and indefinite. Second: If the predicate is a verbal sentence. Third: If it is restricted to it. Fourth: If it is predicated of a subject with the particle of inception. Fifth: If it is predicated of what has the position of the front. So, in five places, it is impermissible for the predicate to precede the subject. Yes, the time is up!
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : The time is up. If Allah wills, in the next lesson, the operator and what follows it as its object.
Do you have “bound to the front” (lāzim al-ṣadr) or “bound” (lāzim)?
The student: With the kasrah.
The Shaykh : With the kasrah, yes. If it is predicated of a subject that is a verb bound to the front—meaning it has the position of the front—it is not permissible to place it before the predicate. For example: “Who has a helper for me?”: Here, “who” is the subject, “for me” is its predicate, and “a helper” is a state. This means that if the subject has the position of the front, it is not permissible for the predicate to precede it. Or, if it is predicated of what? The pronoun refers to what? To what? “Or it was predicated”: The pronoun refers to the predicate. “Predicated of one who”: That is, of a subject that is a verb bound to the front, or if it is predicated of a verb bound to the front. What is a verb bound to the front? There are words that must have the position of the front, such as the interrogative. The interrogative has the position of the front. So, if it has the position of the front, meaning if the subject has the position of the front, it is not permissible for the predicate to precede it. For example: “Who has”, so it is not permissible for me to say: “Has who”. And a clearer example: “Who is Zayd,” “Who is Zayd,” it is not permissible for me to say: “Zayd is who.” Why is it not permissible? Because the subject has the position of the front, and if it has the position of the front, the predicate cannot precede it so that it remains in its place, because the original place, which is the front, would be lost. Now, how many things are there? Let us limit them now and count them: First: If the subject and the predicate are equal in being definite and indefinite. Second: If the predicate is a verbal sentence. Third: If it is restricted to it. Fourth: If it is predicated of a subject with the particle of inception. Fifth: If it is predicated of what has the position of the front. So, in five places, it is impermissible for the predicate to precede the subject. Yes, the time is up!
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : The time is up. If Allah wills, in the next lesson, the operator and what follows it as its object.