Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And hara is like 'asa, but they made *** its predicate a certainty by being connected with an."
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The Shaykh : The author said: "And hara is like 'asa". "Hara is like 'asa" means, in terms of meaning—may Allah reward you—that 'asa was previously established as one of the verbs of hope. Accordingly, hara is also one of the verbs of hope. So you would say: "Hara that Zayd will stand," meaning "It is likely that Zayd will stand." However, the difference between them is stated as: "But they made *** its predicate a certainty by being connected with an".
The student: ...
The Shaykh : How?
The student: The grammatical analysis of the verse.
The Shaykh : The grammatical analysis of the verse. Yes, yes, may Allah bless you. You reminded us.
He said: "And hara is like 'asa": The waw is a letter of conjunction. "Ka-'asa" (like 'asa) is a preposition and its object, serving as a predicate placed before the subject. "Hara" is the subject placed after the predicate. It is a verb, but its form is intended here. "Lakin" (but) is a letter of correction (istidrak). The waw is a letter of conjunction, but "lakin" is a letter of correction. Here, it is not a conjunction; the conjunction was by the waw, but it serves the purpose of what? Of correction. If it were not accompanied by a letter of conjunction, it would serve the purpose of correction and conjunction, just as if you said: "Zayd is not standing, but sitting." You would say that "lakin" here is a letter of conjunction connecting one sentence to another. But if the waw comes with it, it is a letter of correction only.
"Ja'ala" (made) is a past tense verb, and the alif is for generality. It is built for the passive voice because its actor was not named, and its predicate is the passive subject. It is attached to the pronoun of "hatman" (certainty). "Hatan" is an absolute object, meaning it was made a certainty, i.e., a necessity.
"Bi-an muttasilan" (by being connected with an): "Bi-an" is a preposition and its object, attached to "muttasilan." "Muttasilan" is the second object of "ja'ala." What is its first object?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : What is its first object? The passive subject, which is its predicate, because the passive subject takes the place of the first object. And "muttasilan" is the second object of "ju'ila" (was made).
The author says that hara is like 'asa in indicating hope, but it differs from it in that this
"But they made *** its predicate a certainty by being connected with an" means that it is obligatory for the predicate of hara to be connected with "an," whereas with 'asa it is not obligatory, though it is more common for it to be connected, but it is not obligatory. So the difference between them is that 'asa is frequently accompanied by its predicate being connected with "an," whereas with hara, it is obligatory for its predicate to be connected with "an." Good.
"But they made *** its predicate a certainty by being connected with an"
The student: ...
The Shaykh : How?
The student: The grammatical analysis of the verse.
The Shaykh : The grammatical analysis of the verse. Yes, yes, may Allah bless you. You reminded us.
He said: "And hara is like 'asa": The waw is a letter of conjunction. "Ka-'asa" (like 'asa) is a preposition and its object, serving as a predicate placed before the subject. "Hara" is the subject placed after the predicate. It is a verb, but its form is intended here. "Lakin" (but) is a letter of correction (istidrak). The waw is a letter of conjunction, but "lakin" is a letter of correction. Here, it is not a conjunction; the conjunction was by the waw, but it serves the purpose of what? Of correction. If it were not accompanied by a letter of conjunction, it would serve the purpose of correction and conjunction, just as if you said: "Zayd is not standing, but sitting." You would say that "lakin" here is a letter of conjunction connecting one sentence to another. But if the waw comes with it, it is a letter of correction only.
"Ja'ala" (made) is a past tense verb, and the alif is for generality. It is built for the passive voice because its actor was not named, and its predicate is the passive subject. It is attached to the pronoun of "hatman" (certainty). "Hatan" is an absolute object, meaning it was made a certainty, i.e., a necessity.
"Bi-an muttasilan" (by being connected with an): "Bi-an" is a preposition and its object, attached to "muttasilan." "Muttasilan" is the second object of "ja'ala." What is its first object?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : What is its first object? The passive subject, which is its predicate, because the passive subject takes the place of the first object. And "muttasilan" is the second object of "ju'ila" (was made).
The author says that hara is like 'asa in indicating hope, but it differs from it in that this
"But they made *** its predicate a certainty by being connected with an" means that it is obligatory for the predicate of hara to be connected with "an," whereas with 'asa it is not obligatory, though it is more common for it to be connected, but it is not obligatory. So the difference between them is that 'asa is frequently accompanied by its predicate being connected with "an," whereas with hara, it is obligatory for its predicate to be connected with "an." Good.
"But they made *** its predicate a certainty by being connected with an"