Continuation of the explanation of Ibn Malik’s (may Allah have mercy on him) verse: After 'Asa, Akhulqa, and Awshak, Qad Yurd Ghanan Bi-An Ya'fala 'An Thani Fada.
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The Shaykh : In terms of completeness and incompleteness, they are divided into two categories: a category that is used only in an incomplete form, and a category that is used in a complete form. Those used in a complete form are three, three particles: 'Asa, the second is Akhulqa, and the third is Awshak. 'Asa and Akhulqa, in terms of meaning,
The student: One
The Shaykh : are all for hope, and Awshak is for nearness. "Qad Yurd Ghanan Bi-An Ya'fala" means that these three verbs may be complete; they may be complete by 'An Ya'fala taking the place of the news (khabar), and in this case, they are complete. In this case, they are complete. It was also said that they are not complete, and that 'An and what follows it fill the place of the name and the news, just as that occurs in the suspension of the verbs of the heart, as will be mentioned, if Allah wills. The disagreement is close to being verbal in reality, except in some situations where the difference becomes clear, as he will mention in the verse that follows.
An example of that is: you say: 'Asa An Yaquma Zayd: 'Asa An Yaquma Zayd. Here we say 'Asa is a past tense verb, and it is one of the verbs of hope.
And An Yaquma: 'An is a particle of verbal noun that puts the present tense verb in the accusative case.
And Yaquma: a present tense verb in the accusative case due to 'An.
And Zayd: the subject of what? Of An Yaquma. And 'An and what it entered are in the position of the subject of 'Asa, if we say that it is complete.
Some scholars see that it is incomplete, and that An Yaquma fills the place of the name and the news. The disagreement is verbal, except in some cases.
For example, if I say 'Asa An Yaquma Zayd, here the effect of the disagreement does not appear, because the structure will be like this: 'Asa An Yaquma Zayd. But if I say 'Asa An Yaquma al-Zaydaniyyan, 'Asa An Yaquma al-Zaydaniyyan, if we say that it is complete and that 'An and what it entered are in the position of the subject, the structure is like this: 'Asa An Yaquma al-Zaydaniyyan. And if I say that it is incomplete, here we can make the verb a preceding news and al-Zaydaniyyan a delayed subject, and we say in the structure: 'Asa An Yaquma al-Zaydaniyyan, so al-Zaydaniyyan is its delayed name, and An Yaquma is its news.
But is this attested from the Arabs? It is attested in the language of "The scorpions ate me," without doubt. They say 'Asa An Yaquma al-Zaydaniyyan, and 'Asa An Yaqumu al-Zaydun. But in the standard language, we do not know if this structure is attested or not. But if it is attested, it follows this language, where what is after the verb is a delayed name, and the verb and the subject are in the position of a preceding news. Good.
Another example: 'Asa An Taquma Hind: 'Asa An Taquma Hind:
We say 'Asa: a past tense verb.
And An Taquma Hind.
'An: a particle of verbal noun.
And Taquma: a present tense verb in the accusative case due to 'An. And Hind, what is it?
The student: The subject.
The Shaykh : The subject of Taquma. And 'An and what it entered, what is it? In the position of the subject. This if we say that it is complete. We say 'An and what it entered fill the place of the name and the news. Good.
The student: One
The Shaykh : are all for hope, and Awshak is for nearness. "Qad Yurd Ghanan Bi-An Ya'fala" means that these three verbs may be complete; they may be complete by 'An Ya'fala taking the place of the news (khabar), and in this case, they are complete. In this case, they are complete. It was also said that they are not complete, and that 'An and what follows it fill the place of the name and the news, just as that occurs in the suspension of the verbs of the heart, as will be mentioned, if Allah wills. The disagreement is close to being verbal in reality, except in some situations where the difference becomes clear, as he will mention in the verse that follows.
An example of that is: you say: 'Asa An Yaquma Zayd: 'Asa An Yaquma Zayd. Here we say 'Asa is a past tense verb, and it is one of the verbs of hope.
And An Yaquma: 'An is a particle of verbal noun that puts the present tense verb in the accusative case.
And Yaquma: a present tense verb in the accusative case due to 'An.
And Zayd: the subject of what? Of An Yaquma. And 'An and what it entered are in the position of the subject of 'Asa, if we say that it is complete.
Some scholars see that it is incomplete, and that An Yaquma fills the place of the name and the news. The disagreement is verbal, except in some cases.
For example, if I say 'Asa An Yaquma Zayd, here the effect of the disagreement does not appear, because the structure will be like this: 'Asa An Yaquma Zayd. But if I say 'Asa An Yaquma al-Zaydaniyyan, 'Asa An Yaquma al-Zaydaniyyan, if we say that it is complete and that 'An and what it entered are in the position of the subject, the structure is like this: 'Asa An Yaquma al-Zaydaniyyan. And if I say that it is incomplete, here we can make the verb a preceding news and al-Zaydaniyyan a delayed subject, and we say in the structure: 'Asa An Yaquma al-Zaydaniyyan, so al-Zaydaniyyan is its delayed name, and An Yaquma is its news.
But is this attested from the Arabs? It is attested in the language of "The scorpions ate me," without doubt. They say 'Asa An Yaquma al-Zaydaniyyan, and 'Asa An Yaqumu al-Zaydun. But in the standard language, we do not know if this structure is attested or not. But if it is attested, it follows this language, where what is after the verb is a delayed name, and the verb and the subject are in the position of a preceding news. Good.
Another example: 'Asa An Taquma Hind: 'Asa An Taquma Hind:
We say 'Asa: a past tense verb.
And An Taquma Hind.
'An: a particle of verbal noun.
And Taquma: a present tense verb in the accusative case due to 'An. And Hind, what is it?
The student: The subject.
The Shaykh : The subject of Taquma. And 'An and what it entered, what is it? In the position of the subject. This if we say that it is complete. We say 'An and what it entered fill the place of the name and the news. Good.