Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And strip 'asa' or raise a hidden pronoun *** with it if a name before it has been mentioned."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : Then he said: "And strip 'asa' or lower it" Yes.
"And strip 'asa' or raise a hidden pronoun *** with it if a name before it has been mentioned"
"Jaradna": This is an imperative verb connected to the light nūn of emphasis, and the heavy one is when you say: "Jaradnanna." On this basis, it is built on the fathah due to its connection to the nūn of emphasis. Do we say it is in the position of jussive, or do we say it is built on the fathah only? We say the famous view among the Basrans is that it is built on the fathah only, and we do not say it is in the position of jussive. As for the one who said that the imperative verb is in the jussive position due to the deleted lām of command, and the intended meaning is "latajrab," would this be built on the fathah in the position of jussive? But the correct and famous view is that it is built on the fathah due to its connection to the nūn of emphasis.
"And strip 'asa'": The object of "strip."
"Or raise a hidden pronoun": The "or" here is for choice.
"Raise a hidden pronoun with it": "Hidden pronoun" means a pronoun. "If a name before it has been mentioned."
We said: "Strip 'asa'." "Strip" is an imperative verb, and the nūn is for emphasis. The doer is necessarily hidden, and its intended meaning is "you."
"'Asa' is the object of 'strip' considering what?
The student: The wording.
The Shaykh : The word, or raise a hidden pronoun, or for choice. And "raise" is an imperative verb, and "hidden pronoun" is the object.
And his saying: "With it": A preposition and its object, connected to "raise," and not to the hidden pronoun, but to "raise."
"If a name before it has been mentioned": "If" is conditional.
And "name": It was said that it is the substitute for the doer of the word "mentioned." It was said that it is the substitute for the doer of a deleted verb explained by "mentioned." It was said that it is the subject. So the opinions are then three: Which is easier? To say it is the subject, because if we say it is the subject, there is no fronting, no postponing, and no intended meaning. And if we say it is the doer of a deleted verb, it becomes an intended meaning. And if we say, I said it is the doer, and the correct one is the substitute for the doer. If we say it is the substitute for the doer of a deleted verb, there is an intended meaning in it.
And if we say it is the substitute for the doer of "mentioned," but it is fronted, there is fronting and postponing in it. Good.
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) says: If a name precedes 'asa', you have two ways in using it: The first way is to raise a pronoun with it, and the second way: To strip it of the pronoun.
An example of that: Zayd 'asa that he stands up.
Zayd 'asa that he stands up.
So Zayd: The subject.
And 'asa: A past tense verb, and its doer is optionally hidden, and its intended meaning is.
The student: He.
The Shaykh : He, or if you wish, say: "That" is a verbal noun, and "stands up" is a present tense verb made accusative by the verbal noun. And "that" and what it entered upon are in the interpretation of raising the doer, because he says: Either you strip it of the pronoun, and "that" and what follows it becomes the doer, or you raise a pronoun with it, and "that" and what it entered upon becomes the predicate.
And that also appears in the example if the doer is not singular, not a singular masculine.
Its example: Hind 'asa that she stands up. So on the assumption of the hidden doer, what do we say? On the assumption of the hidden doer, we say: Hind 'asat that she stands up, because if the verb has a pronoun referring to the feminine, it is obligatory, it is obligatory to make it feminine, so we say: Hind 'asat that she stands up. And on not assuming the hidden doer, we say: Hind 'asa that she stands up, and we make "that she stands up" the doer, and it becomes complete. Or on the second opinion, "that" and what it entered upon fills the place of the name and the predicate.
Good: The two men 'asa that they stand up. How do we say on the assumption of the hidden pronoun?
The student: 'asiya.
The Shaykh : 'asiya that they stand up. And on not assuming the hidden pronoun, 'asa that they stand up.
The men, what? 'asaw that they stand up. This is on, yes, on affirming the pronoun. 'asa that they stand up on deleting the pronoun. And for this he said: Strip 'asa or raise a hidden pronoun with it if a name before it has been mentioned.
"And strip 'asa' or raise a hidden pronoun *** with it if a name before it has been mentioned"
"Jaradna": This is an imperative verb connected to the light nūn of emphasis, and the heavy one is when you say: "Jaradnanna." On this basis, it is built on the fathah due to its connection to the nūn of emphasis. Do we say it is in the position of jussive, or do we say it is built on the fathah only? We say the famous view among the Basrans is that it is built on the fathah only, and we do not say it is in the position of jussive. As for the one who said that the imperative verb is in the jussive position due to the deleted lām of command, and the intended meaning is "latajrab," would this be built on the fathah in the position of jussive? But the correct and famous view is that it is built on the fathah due to its connection to the nūn of emphasis.
"And strip 'asa'": The object of "strip."
"Or raise a hidden pronoun": The "or" here is for choice.
"Raise a hidden pronoun with it": "Hidden pronoun" means a pronoun. "If a name before it has been mentioned."
We said: "Strip 'asa'." "Strip" is an imperative verb, and the nūn is for emphasis. The doer is necessarily hidden, and its intended meaning is "you."
"'Asa' is the object of 'strip' considering what?
The student: The wording.
The Shaykh : The word, or raise a hidden pronoun, or for choice. And "raise" is an imperative verb, and "hidden pronoun" is the object.
And his saying: "With it": A preposition and its object, connected to "raise," and not to the hidden pronoun, but to "raise."
"If a name before it has been mentioned": "If" is conditional.
And "name": It was said that it is the substitute for the doer of the word "mentioned." It was said that it is the substitute for the doer of a deleted verb explained by "mentioned." It was said that it is the subject. So the opinions are then three: Which is easier? To say it is the subject, because if we say it is the subject, there is no fronting, no postponing, and no intended meaning. And if we say it is the doer of a deleted verb, it becomes an intended meaning. And if we say, I said it is the doer, and the correct one is the substitute for the doer. If we say it is the substitute for the doer of a deleted verb, there is an intended meaning in it.
And if we say it is the substitute for the doer of "mentioned," but it is fronted, there is fronting and postponing in it. Good.
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) says: If a name precedes 'asa', you have two ways in using it: The first way is to raise a pronoun with it, and the second way: To strip it of the pronoun.
An example of that: Zayd 'asa that he stands up.
Zayd 'asa that he stands up.
So Zayd: The subject.
And 'asa: A past tense verb, and its doer is optionally hidden, and its intended meaning is.
The student: He.
The Shaykh : He, or if you wish, say: "That" is a verbal noun, and "stands up" is a present tense verb made accusative by the verbal noun. And "that" and what it entered upon are in the interpretation of raising the doer, because he says: Either you strip it of the pronoun, and "that" and what follows it becomes the doer, or you raise a pronoun with it, and "that" and what it entered upon becomes the predicate.
And that also appears in the example if the doer is not singular, not a singular masculine.
Its example: Hind 'asa that she stands up. So on the assumption of the hidden doer, what do we say? On the assumption of the hidden doer, we say: Hind 'asat that she stands up, because if the verb has a pronoun referring to the feminine, it is obligatory, it is obligatory to make it feminine, so we say: Hind 'asat that she stands up. And on not assuming the hidden doer, we say: Hind 'asa that she stands up, and we make "that she stands up" the doer, and it becomes complete. Or on the second opinion, "that" and what it entered upon fills the place of the name and the predicate.
Good: The two men 'asa that they stand up. How do we say on the assumption of the hidden pronoun?
The student: 'asiya.
The Shaykh : 'asiya that they stand up. And on not assuming the hidden pronoun, 'asa that they stand up.
The men, what? 'asaw that they stand up. This is on, yes, on affirming the pronoun. 'asa that they stand up on deleting the pronoun. And for this he said: Strip 'asa or raise a hidden pronoun with it if a name before it has been mentioned.