Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "The subject, which is like the raised, came *** Zayd, bright-faced, what a fine young man."
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The Shaykh : But in technical terminology, the subject is said to be:
"The subject, which is like the raised, came *** Zayd, bright-faced, his face is what a fine young man"
Meaning: raised by a description or an action that occurred from him or subsisted in him. This is the subject, raised by a description or an action subsisting in him, meaning: by this raised word or what?
The student: Occurred from him.
The Shaykh : Or occurred from him, subsisted in him or occurred from him. So if it is said: "The man died," is this an action that subsisted in him or occurred from him?
The student: Subsisted in him.
The Shaykh : Subsisted in him, because it did not occur from him. And if you say: "The man ate," here?
The student: Occurred from him.
The Shaykh : Occurred from him. And our saying: "description or action," the description is like saying: "Is Zayd standing?" So Zayd is the subject, and the action is saying: "Zayd stood," so Zayd is the subject. But the author (may Allah have mercy on him) says: "Zayd, bright-faced, his face" his face: here is the subject of "bright," so is the operator here an action or a description?
The student: Description.
The Shaykh : Description. "What a fine young man" the operator is an action, but he (may Allah have mercy on him) expressed it with "bright-faced, his face" to clarify that there is no difference between an action and a verbal noun, and with "and what a fine young man" to clarify that there is no difference between the invariable and the variable, because "ni'ma" is an invariable verb that cannot be conjugated; you do not say "ya'nimu" or "yun'amu," but rather it is "ni'ma," as it was transmitted.
"The subject, which is like the raised, came *** Zayd, bright-faced, his face is what a fine young man"
Meaning: raised by a description or an action that occurred from him or subsisted in him. This is the subject, raised by a description or an action subsisting in him, meaning: by this raised word or what?
The student: Occurred from him.
The Shaykh : Or occurred from him, subsisted in him or occurred from him. So if it is said: "The man died," is this an action that subsisted in him or occurred from him?
The student: Subsisted in him.
The Shaykh : Subsisted in him, because it did not occur from him. And if you say: "The man ate," here?
The student: Occurred from him.
The Shaykh : Occurred from him. And our saying: "description or action," the description is like saying: "Is Zayd standing?" So Zayd is the subject, and the action is saying: "Zayd stood," so Zayd is the subject. But the author (may Allah have mercy on him) says: "Zayd, bright-faced, his face" his face: here is the subject of "bright," so is the operator here an action or a description?
The student: Description.
The Shaykh : Description. "What a fine young man" the operator is an action, but he (may Allah have mercy on him) expressed it with "bright-faced, his face" to clarify that there is no difference between an action and a verbal noun, and with "and what a fine young man" to clarify that there is no difference between the invariable and the variable, because "ni'ma" is an invariable verb that cannot be conjugated; you do not say "ya'nimu" or "yun'amu," but rather it is "ni'ma," as it was transmitted.