Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And make it from a present-tense verb with an open first letter *** like the passive form of 'to be called' in which it is called."
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The Shaykh :"And make it from a present-tense verb with an open first letter" "Make it": the pronoun refers to what comes before the last letter. "From a present-tense": meaning from a present-tense verb. "With an open first letter" is the second object of "make," and the first object is the pronoun "it." "Like the passive form of 'to be called' in which it is called". The grammatical analysis: "Make" is an imperative verb meaning "to make" or "to turn into," so it takes two objects. Its subject is hidden and obligatory, estimated as "you." The pronoun "it" is built on the damma and is in the position of the first object. "From a present-tense" is a preposition and its object, connected to "make." "With an open first letter" is the second object. Yes. "Like the passive form of 'to be called' in which it is called" "To be called": a present-tense verb built for the agent. What is its first letter?
The student: Yaa.
The Shaykh : Is its first letter open? Or is it kasrah? Or is it dammah?
The student: Open.
The Shaykh : Its first letter is open. And what is before its last letter?
The student: It is with a kasr.
The Shaykh : It is kasrah. Ibn Malik, because its agent was not named? "To be called," that is the end. So I dammah the first letter and opened the letter before the last. So, the rule for the present-tense verb when it is built for an unnamed agent is: that its first letter is dammah and the letter before its last is opened. And for the past tense? Like the present tense.
The student: Its first letter is dammah.
The Shaykh : That its first letter is dammah and the letter before its last is kasrah. So, he said:
"And the following second, the taa of the passive *** Like the first, make it without dispute"
The grammatical analysis: "The second":
The student: Like "the passive form of 'to be called'," which we have analyzed.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Like "the passive form of 'to be called'," which we have analyzed.
The Shaykh : Which we have analyzed?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : So, "Like the passive form of 'to be called' in which it is called" The kaa: a preposition. And "to be called": a present-tense verb in the genitive case.
The student: It is not in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student : It is a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : It is a noun in the genitive case, because it is interpreted as "like this example." "To be called": a noun in the genitive case by the kaa, and the sign of its genitive is a kasrah estimated on its last letter, the recitation preventing its appearance. "The called": a description of "to be called." And the description of a noun in the genitive case?
The student: In the genitive case.
The Shaykh : In the genitive case. "In it": a preposition and its object, connected to "the called," because it is a passive participle that acts like a verb. "To be called" is the passive participle of the verb "to call." Where is the verb "to call"? "The called." And "to be called" is the passive participle of the verb "to call." Is it in the accusative case? Or in the nominative case?
The student: Nominative, as the substitute for the agent.
The Shaykh : Yes, nominative, because it is the substitute for the agent.
The student: Yaa.
The Shaykh : Is its first letter open? Or is it kasrah? Or is it dammah?
The student: Open.
The Shaykh : Its first letter is open. And what is before its last letter?
The student: It is with a kasr.
The Shaykh : It is kasrah. Ibn Malik, because its agent was not named? "To be called," that is the end. So I dammah the first letter and opened the letter before the last. So, the rule for the present-tense verb when it is built for an unnamed agent is: that its first letter is dammah and the letter before its last is opened. And for the past tense? Like the present tense.
The student: Its first letter is dammah.
The Shaykh : That its first letter is dammah and the letter before its last is kasrah. So, he said:
"And the following second, the taa of the passive *** Like the first, make it without dispute"
The grammatical analysis: "The second":
The student: Like "the passive form of 'to be called'," which we have analyzed.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Like "the passive form of 'to be called'," which we have analyzed.
The Shaykh : Which we have analyzed?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : So, "Like the passive form of 'to be called' in which it is called" The kaa: a preposition. And "to be called": a present-tense verb in the genitive case.
The student: It is not in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student : It is a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : It is a noun in the genitive case, because it is interpreted as "like this example." "To be called": a noun in the genitive case by the kaa, and the sign of its genitive is a kasrah estimated on its last letter, the recitation preventing its appearance. "The called": a description of "to be called." And the description of a noun in the genitive case?
The student: In the genitive case.
The Shaykh : In the genitive case. "In it": a preposition and its object, connected to "the called," because it is a passive participle that acts like a verb. "To be called" is the passive participle of the verb "to call." Where is the verb "to call"? "The called." And "to be called" is the passive participle of the verb "to call." Is it in the accusative case? Or in the nominative case?
The student: Nominative, as the substitute for the agent.
The Shaykh : Yes, nominative, because it is the substitute for the agent.