Discussion of what was previously taken from the chapter on the agent substitute.
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : And treat them with kindness until the Day of Judgment.
The student: The taa of mutaa'ah!
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: The taa of mutaa'ah.
The Shaykh : Yes, there is no harm, that is fine. Is the imperative verb built for an unnamed agent?
The student: It does not apply to it.
The Shaykh : It does not apply to the imperative verb to be built for an unnamed agent. So, what is built for an unnamed agent?
The student: The past and the present.
The Shaykh : The past and the present, and what is derived from them, such as the active participle, the passive participle, and the like. Now, what is the ruling regarding the substitute for the agent?
The student: It is given the ruling of the agent.
The Shaykh : It is given the ruling of the agent in every respect. So, whatever rulings are established for the agent are established for it. Now, what is the evidence from Ibn Malik's words?
The student: "In what it has".
The Shaykh :"In what it has", perfect. So, Junayd, is that your name?
The student: Yes?
The Shaykh : Junayd?
The student: No, no.
The Shaykh : Your name?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : So... what is the ruling on changing verbs when they are built for an unnamed agent?
The student: It is obligatory.
The Shaykh : How is the change, I mean?
The student: Its first letter is made dammah.
The Shaykh : Is its first letter made dammah in every case?
The student: Yes, O Shaykh?
The Shaykh : Is its first letter made dammah in every case? Whether it is past or present?
The student: No, not in the past.
The Shaykh : In the present?
The student: In the present, it is not made dammah.
The Shaykh : It is not made dammah. So, what do we do with it? Is it made kasrah? What did Ibn Malik say? He said: "So the first..."?
The student: "So the first of the verb, make it dammah, and the connected".
The Shaykh : Wait, wait. And did he not specify? So, the first of the verb is made dammah, whether it is past or present. Now, what about the letter before the last one?
The student: The letter before the last one, if it is present. If it is past, then the one before it is made kasrah.
The Shaykh : Fine.
The student: And if it is present.
The Shaykh : Welcome, and peace be upon you. May Allah bless you. Welcome, now, the letter before the last one, we said it is made kasrah in the past, and what? And it is made fathah in the present. Give an example? Muhammad?
The student: In the past, we say, for example: wasal.
The Shaykh : Wasal?
The student: Yes, its first letter is made dammah and the one before the last is made kasrah.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: If it is in the present, it is yunthaha.
The Shaykh : Yunthaha, fine.
The student: Its first letter is made dammah.
The Shaykh : Correct? Now, is this established for every present and every past, or does it vary? I mean, does the first letter only get dammah in every past and every present, or can the last letter also get dammah along with the first?
The student: The present verb may be made dammah...
The Shaykh : No.
The student: I did not understand the question, fine.
The Shaykh : We understood the question now: the first of the verb is made dammah absolutely, whether it is present or past. Is there a letter of the verb that is made dammah like the first one, or not?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : What is it?
The student: If the verb begins with a hamzah.
The Shaykh : No, correct, but that is what we have reached.
The student: If it is a verb of mutaa'ah.
The Shaykh : If the verb is?
The student: Mutaa'ah.
The Shaykh : Is it made dammah?
The student: Its first letter and the one after it.
The Shaykh : And the one after it. What is its example?
The student: Allamahu fa-tu'allim.
The Shaykh : Yes, you say: "He taught him fiqh," then you say "Fiqh is taught," right? "He spoke about the man," then you say "The man is spoken about." Now, is there something else, 'Abdullah?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : What is made dammah?
The student: Its first letter and its third letter.
The Shaykh : Its first letter and its third letter. What is its example?
The student: Istu'mil.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Istu'mil.
The Shaykh : Istu'mil, fine, correct. We start the new lesson now.
The student: The taa of mutaa'ah!
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: The taa of mutaa'ah.
The Shaykh : Yes, there is no harm, that is fine. Is the imperative verb built for an unnamed agent?
The student: It does not apply to it.
The Shaykh : It does not apply to the imperative verb to be built for an unnamed agent. So, what is built for an unnamed agent?
The student: The past and the present.
The Shaykh : The past and the present, and what is derived from them, such as the active participle, the passive participle, and the like. Now, what is the ruling regarding the substitute for the agent?
The student: It is given the ruling of the agent.
The Shaykh : It is given the ruling of the agent in every respect. So, whatever rulings are established for the agent are established for it. Now, what is the evidence from Ibn Malik's words?
The student: "In what it has".
The Shaykh :"In what it has", perfect. So, Junayd, is that your name?
The student: Yes?
The Shaykh : Junayd?
The student: No, no.
The Shaykh : Your name?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : So... what is the ruling on changing verbs when they are built for an unnamed agent?
The student: It is obligatory.
The Shaykh : How is the change, I mean?
The student: Its first letter is made dammah.
The Shaykh : Is its first letter made dammah in every case?
The student: Yes, O Shaykh?
The Shaykh : Is its first letter made dammah in every case? Whether it is past or present?
The student: No, not in the past.
The Shaykh : In the present?
The student: In the present, it is not made dammah.
The Shaykh : It is not made dammah. So, what do we do with it? Is it made kasrah? What did Ibn Malik say? He said: "So the first..."?
The student: "So the first of the verb, make it dammah, and the connected".
The Shaykh : Wait, wait. And did he not specify? So, the first of the verb is made dammah, whether it is past or present. Now, what about the letter before the last one?
The student: The letter before the last one, if it is present. If it is past, then the one before it is made kasrah.
The Shaykh : Fine.
The student: And if it is present.
The Shaykh : Welcome, and peace be upon you. May Allah bless you. Welcome, now, the letter before the last one, we said it is made kasrah in the past, and what? And it is made fathah in the present. Give an example? Muhammad?
The student: In the past, we say, for example: wasal.
The Shaykh : Wasal?
The student: Yes, its first letter is made dammah and the one before the last is made kasrah.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: If it is in the present, it is yunthaha.
The Shaykh : Yunthaha, fine.
The student: Its first letter is made dammah.
The Shaykh : Correct? Now, is this established for every present and every past, or does it vary? I mean, does the first letter only get dammah in every past and every present, or can the last letter also get dammah along with the first?
The student: The present verb may be made dammah...
The Shaykh : No.
The student: I did not understand the question, fine.
The Shaykh : We understood the question now: the first of the verb is made dammah absolutely, whether it is present or past. Is there a letter of the verb that is made dammah like the first one, or not?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : What is it?
The student: If the verb begins with a hamzah.
The Shaykh : No, correct, but that is what we have reached.
The student: If it is a verb of mutaa'ah.
The Shaykh : If the verb is?
The student: Mutaa'ah.
The Shaykh : Is it made dammah?
The student: Its first letter and the one after it.
The Shaykh : And the one after it. What is its example?
The student: Allamahu fa-tu'allim.
The Shaykh : Yes, you say: "He taught him fiqh," then you say "Fiqh is taught," right? "He spoke about the man," then you say "The man is spoken about." Now, is there something else, 'Abdullah?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : What is made dammah?
The student: Its first letter and its third letter.
The Shaykh : Its first letter and its third letter. What is its example?
The student: Istu'mil.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Istu'mil.
The Shaykh : Istu'mil, fine, correct. We start the new lesson now.