Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And if the conjoined word is followed by a verb that informs *** about a noun, then conjoin it, having a choice."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : Then he said, may Allah have mercy on him:
"And if the conjoined word is followed by a verb that informs *** about a noun, then conjoin it, having a choice"
"And if the conjoined word" means the noun that was being discussed, "a verb that informs about a noun" means: a verbal sentence that informs about a noun, "then conjoin it, having a choice". The grammatical analysis: "in" is a conditional particle, and "followed" is a past tense verb, and it is in the position of the jussive of the conditional verb, and "the conjoined word" is the subject, and "a verb" is the object of "followed," and "informing" is a description of it, and "by it" is a preposition and its object, attached to "informing," "and about a noun" is a preposition and its object, attached to it as well, "then conjoin" the "fa" is a connecting particle, what is it?
The student: A connector for the answer to the condition.
The Shaykh : A connector for the answer to the condition, "and conjoin" is a command verb confirmed with the nūn of confirmation, and on this basis, it is built on the fathah, and the subject is necessarily hidden, estimated to be: you, and "having a choice" is a ḥāl from the hidden pronoun in?
The student: Conjoin.
The Shaykh : Conjoin, meaning: in the state of you having a choice between the nominative and the accusative. The meaning of the verse is that if the noun that was being discussed is followed by a verb that informs about the noun, then you have a choice. And the author's (may Allah have mercy on him) saying: "a verb that informs" contains a leniency, because the thing that informs is the sentence, not the verb. Therefore, if you said: "Zayd is standing," you would not say "standing is the khabar of Zayd"; you would analyze the sentence as independent and then say, "and the sentence is what? The khabar of Zayd." So in his saying "a verb that informs about the noun," there is a leniency, because the khabar is the sentence. But one might excuse the author by saying that he expressed the sentence by the verb that occurred as the khabar, pointing to the direction of the accusative. But this excuse may be useful and may not be useful. An example of that is: "Zayd, I honored him, and 'Amr, I humiliated him," or "Zayd, I honored him, and 'Amr, I humiliated him." Which is stronger?
The student: The first.
Another student: There is no preference.
The Shaykh : Listen, Zayn, "Zayd, I honored him, and 'Amr, I humiliated him," so the second one said: "Zayd, I honored him, and 'Amr, I humiliated him." Which is stronger?
The student: The second.
Another student: The first one.
Another student: It is the same, it is the same.
The Shaykh : It is the same, or the first one?
The student: Equal.
The Shaykh : Or the second one?
The student: It is the same, it is the same.
The Shaykh : Okay, the author says: "then conjoin it, having a choice" Why? Because the first sentence contains two sentences: an initial sentence, which is the major sentence, and a verbal sentence, which is the minor sentence occurring as the khabar. If you consider the original of the sentence, which is stronger?
The student: The nominative.
The Shaykh : If you consider the original of the sentence, is it determined to be?
The student: The nominative.
The Shaykh : It is stronger, it is stronger.
The student: The nominative.
The Shaykh : Because it is a sentence that began with the beginning. And if you consider the end of the sentence, the accusative is stronger, because the end of the sentence is a verbal sentence. Is that clear, Adam?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : Okay, "Zayd, his father is standing, and 'Amr, I struck him." Which is stronger? The nominative or the accusative?
The student: With detail.
The Shaykh : Listen, "Zayd, his father is standing, and 'Amr, I honored him."
The student: The nominative.
The Shaykh : The nominative, because the sentence has a nominal sentence in its beginning and its end, so there is no verb that would make the accusative stronger. Therefore, the author said: "a verb that informs about a noun, then conjoin it, having a choice"
The student: The sound!
The Shaykh : What?
The student: The sound is from behind, from those who are reading.
The Shaykh : Is there some disturbance?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : We hope that the brothers who raise their voices in reading will lower their voices so that they do not disturb the students, and we allow them not to attend the lesson. Otherwise, we would say to them that they are disruptors, because the place is a place of study. Look at the one who is reading, say to him: "Lower your voice, you are harming us and also harming those who are praying."
The student: The time is over, O Shaykh.
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: The time.
The Shaykh : Yes, okay.
"And if the conjoined word is followed by a verb that informs *** about a noun, then conjoin it, having a choice"
"And if the conjoined word" means the noun that was being discussed, "a verb that informs about a noun" means: a verbal sentence that informs about a noun, "then conjoin it, having a choice". The grammatical analysis: "in" is a conditional particle, and "followed" is a past tense verb, and it is in the position of the jussive of the conditional verb, and "the conjoined word" is the subject, and "a verb" is the object of "followed," and "informing" is a description of it, and "by it" is a preposition and its object, attached to "informing," "and about a noun" is a preposition and its object, attached to it as well, "then conjoin" the "fa" is a connecting particle, what is it?
The student: A connector for the answer to the condition.
The Shaykh : A connector for the answer to the condition, "and conjoin" is a command verb confirmed with the nūn of confirmation, and on this basis, it is built on the fathah, and the subject is necessarily hidden, estimated to be: you, and "having a choice" is a ḥāl from the hidden pronoun in?
The student: Conjoin.
The Shaykh : Conjoin, meaning: in the state of you having a choice between the nominative and the accusative. The meaning of the verse is that if the noun that was being discussed is followed by a verb that informs about the noun, then you have a choice. And the author's (may Allah have mercy on him) saying: "a verb that informs" contains a leniency, because the thing that informs is the sentence, not the verb. Therefore, if you said: "Zayd is standing," you would not say "standing is the khabar of Zayd"; you would analyze the sentence as independent and then say, "and the sentence is what? The khabar of Zayd." So in his saying "a verb that informs about the noun," there is a leniency, because the khabar is the sentence. But one might excuse the author by saying that he expressed the sentence by the verb that occurred as the khabar, pointing to the direction of the accusative. But this excuse may be useful and may not be useful. An example of that is: "Zayd, I honored him, and 'Amr, I humiliated him," or "Zayd, I honored him, and 'Amr, I humiliated him." Which is stronger?
The student: The first.
Another student: There is no preference.
The Shaykh : Listen, Zayn, "Zayd, I honored him, and 'Amr, I humiliated him," so the second one said: "Zayd, I honored him, and 'Amr, I humiliated him." Which is stronger?
The student: The second.
Another student: The first one.
Another student: It is the same, it is the same.
The Shaykh : It is the same, or the first one?
The student: Equal.
The Shaykh : Or the second one?
The student: It is the same, it is the same.
The Shaykh : Okay, the author says: "then conjoin it, having a choice" Why? Because the first sentence contains two sentences: an initial sentence, which is the major sentence, and a verbal sentence, which is the minor sentence occurring as the khabar. If you consider the original of the sentence, which is stronger?
The student: The nominative.
The Shaykh : If you consider the original of the sentence, is it determined to be?
The student: The nominative.
The Shaykh : It is stronger, it is stronger.
The student: The nominative.
The Shaykh : Because it is a sentence that began with the beginning. And if you consider the end of the sentence, the accusative is stronger, because the end of the sentence is a verbal sentence. Is that clear, Adam?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : Okay, "Zayd, his father is standing, and 'Amr, I struck him." Which is stronger? The nominative or the accusative?
The student: With detail.
The Shaykh : Listen, "Zayd, his father is standing, and 'Amr, I honored him."
The student: The nominative.
The Shaykh : The nominative, because the sentence has a nominal sentence in its beginning and its end, so there is no verb that would make the accusative stronger. Therefore, the author said: "a verb that informs about a noun, then conjoin it, having a choice"
The student: The sound!
The Shaykh : What?
The student: The sound is from behind, from those who are reading.
The Shaykh : Is there some disturbance?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : We hope that the brothers who raise their voices in reading will lower their voices so that they do not disturb the students, and we allow them not to attend the lesson. Otherwise, we would say to them that they are disruptors, because the place is a place of study. Look at the one who is reading, say to him: "Lower your voice, you are harming us and also harming those who are praying."
The student: The time is over, O Shaykh.
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: The time.
The Shaykh : Yes, okay.