Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And the place of the ḥāl is where a sentence comes *** like Zayd came while intending his journey."
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The Shaykh :"And the place of the ḥāl is where a sentence comes *** like Zayd came while intending his journey"
The student: ...
The Shaykh : How?
The student: I say...
The Shaykh : Yes, regarding the place of the ḥāl, we said that we prefer to parse the verses because it helps in understanding the meaning and also passes us through it. What is the grammatical status of the place of the ḥāl, Sami? "The place of the ḥāl is where a sentence comes".
The student: The place is a subject (mubtada').
The Shaykh : It is in the accusative case. How can it be a subject when it is in the accusative case?
The student: It is the object of the verb.
The Shaykh : Salama?
The student: It is fronted.
The Shaykh : No.
The student: All of it, Shaykh.
The Shaykh : No, no.
The student: It becomes, what is it called? An adverb of place, and it is connected to "comes."
The Shaykh : Yes, correct, because this is a place that implies the meaning of "in," it comes in, in a place, so it is an adverb of place in the accusative case connected to "comes." Yes, good. And his saying: "the ḥāl", what is its parsing? Hajjaj, what is its parsing?
The student: It is the object of an addition (mudaf ilayh).
The Shaykh : It is the object of an addition in the genitive case, and what is the sign of its genitive case?
The student : The kasrah.
The Shaykh : Good, parse "comes a sentence"?
The student: "Comes" is a present tense verb in the nominative case, with a visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: "Sentence" is the subject in the nominative case with a dammah, except that it was moved, except that it was made quiescent for the rhyme.
The Shaykh : For the sake of the rhyme, well done.
"Like Zayd came while intending his journey"
Can you parse it?
The student: Yes, the kaff here is a preposition, and "came" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : How does a preposition enter it?
The student: Yes?
The Shaykh : How does a preposition enter it?
The student: Here it is for emphasis.
The Shaykh : For emphasis?
The student: It means like he came.
The Shaykh : Yes, but what you have, "like Zayd came," is for comparison; it is a preposition and "came" is a past tense verb, and how does the past tense verb enter? We said that prepositions are a sign for a noun.
The student: For a deleted word, like you say.
The Shaykh : Like you say: Zayd came, so it enters a deleted genitive, estimated as "like you say: Zayd came." And there is another aspect as well: that we say the kaff is a preposition, and "Zayd came while intending the journey," the whole sentence is in the genitive case by the kaff because this whole sentence is in the meaning of "like this example." Good, parse the example "Zayd came while intending his journey" if I did not read it?
The student: "Came" is a past tense verb, "Zayd" is the subject, "Zayd came" and "he" is the waw.
The Shaykh : The subject is in the nominative case.
The student: "Zayd came" is the subject in the nominative case, and the sign of its nominative case is a visible dammah. The waw is the waw of ḥāl.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And "he" is the pronoun of the waw of ḥāl, it is a pronoun.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Detached, in the position of the nominative case.
The Shaykh : It is built on the fathah in the position of the nominative case.
The student: It is built on the fathah in the position of the nominative case as a subject (mubtada').
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And "he."
The Shaykh : Intending his journey.
The student: "Intending" is a ḥāl, a second ḥāl.
The Shaykh : No, Salama?
The student: A past tense verb.
The Shaykh : Salama?
The student: A present tense verb.
The Shaykh : A present tense verb.
The student: Defective in the last letter.
The Shaykh : Yes, someone else? Hmm? Muhammad?
The student: The parsing of "intending"?
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The predicate of the subject.
The Shaykh : It is the predicate of the subject, where is the subject?
The student: The subject is "he."
The Shaykh : Good, parse the rest?
The student: "Intending" is a predicate in the nominative case, and the sign of its nominative case is the deletion of the letter of weakness.
The Shaykh : No.
The student: Its original form is "intending" (nāwi).
The Shaykh : Its original form is "intending" (nāwi), correct, but what is the sign of its nominative case?
The student: A dammah estimated on the deleted yā'.
The Shaykh : The deleted one, yes, correct, and "his journey"?
The student: It is the object of the active participle.
The Shaykh : Which is "intending"?
The student: And the subject is a hidden pronoun estimated as "he."
The Shaykh : And the sentence "he is intending his journey"?
The student: It is in the position of the accusative case as a ḥāl.
The Shaykh : It is in the position of the accusative case as a ḥāl. Good, the author (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The ḥāl may come as a sentence, and it has been mentioned before that the ḥāl is a single word or not? The ḥāl is a description, a description, and a description is for a single word, the man came riding, but the ḥāl may be a sentence, either nominal or verbal, it may be a sentence, either nominal or verbal. The author says: "The place of the ḥāl is where a sentence comes"
Meaning: the sentence comes in the place of the ḥāl, and if it comes in the place of the ḥāl, its position is the accusative case. Its example: Zayd came while intending his journey. If you changed this sentence to a noun and said: Zayd came intending his journey, is it acceptable or not?
The student: It is valid.
The Shaykh : It is acceptable. So the sentence "he is intending his journey" is in the position of the accusative case as a ḥāl. Did you understand now? Another example: The man came while he was hurrying, or not? The man came while he was hurrying, meaning: and the state is that he is hurrying. The man approached and the sun was rising. "The man approached" is a verb and a subject, "and the sun" the waw is for the ḥāl, "the sun" is a subject, and "rising" is the predicate of the subject, and the meaning is: The man approached and the state is that the sun was rising, or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Good, a third or fourth example.
The student: On the verb or the noun?
The Shaykh : On the noun, a nominal sentence like the author said.
The student: His saying, the Exalted:[An-Nisa 4:4].
The Shaykh : No, "pleasantly" is a noun, let us have a nominal sentence.[Al-Baqarah 2:187] Do not touch them while you are in i'tikaf in the mosques. And there are many examples of this, but the author says.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : How?
The student: I say...
The Shaykh : Yes, regarding the place of the ḥāl, we said that we prefer to parse the verses because it helps in understanding the meaning and also passes us through it. What is the grammatical status of the place of the ḥāl, Sami? "The place of the ḥāl is where a sentence comes".
The student: The place is a subject (mubtada').
The Shaykh : It is in the accusative case. How can it be a subject when it is in the accusative case?
The student: It is the object of the verb.
The Shaykh : Salama?
The student: It is fronted.
The Shaykh : No.
The student: All of it, Shaykh.
The Shaykh : No, no.
The student: It becomes, what is it called? An adverb of place, and it is connected to "comes."
The Shaykh : Yes, correct, because this is a place that implies the meaning of "in," it comes in, in a place, so it is an adverb of place in the accusative case connected to "comes." Yes, good. And his saying: "the ḥāl", what is its parsing? Hajjaj, what is its parsing?
The student: It is the object of an addition (mudaf ilayh).
The Shaykh : It is the object of an addition in the genitive case, and what is the sign of its genitive case?
The student : The kasrah.
The Shaykh : Good, parse "comes a sentence"?
The student: "Comes" is a present tense verb in the nominative case, with a visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: "Sentence" is the subject in the nominative case with a dammah, except that it was moved, except that it was made quiescent for the rhyme.
The Shaykh : For the sake of the rhyme, well done.
"Like Zayd came while intending his journey"
Can you parse it?
The student: Yes, the kaff here is a preposition, and "came" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : How does a preposition enter it?
The student: Yes?
The Shaykh : How does a preposition enter it?
The student: Here it is for emphasis.
The Shaykh : For emphasis?
The student: It means like he came.
The Shaykh : Yes, but what you have, "like Zayd came," is for comparison; it is a preposition and "came" is a past tense verb, and how does the past tense verb enter? We said that prepositions are a sign for a noun.
The student: For a deleted word, like you say.
The Shaykh : Like you say: Zayd came, so it enters a deleted genitive, estimated as "like you say: Zayd came." And there is another aspect as well: that we say the kaff is a preposition, and "Zayd came while intending the journey," the whole sentence is in the genitive case by the kaff because this whole sentence is in the meaning of "like this example." Good, parse the example "Zayd came while intending his journey" if I did not read it?
The student: "Came" is a past tense verb, "Zayd" is the subject, "Zayd came" and "he" is the waw.
The Shaykh : The subject is in the nominative case.
The student: "Zayd came" is the subject in the nominative case, and the sign of its nominative case is a visible dammah. The waw is the waw of ḥāl.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And "he" is the pronoun of the waw of ḥāl, it is a pronoun.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Detached, in the position of the nominative case.
The Shaykh : It is built on the fathah in the position of the nominative case.
The student: It is built on the fathah in the position of the nominative case as a subject (mubtada').
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And "he."
The Shaykh : Intending his journey.
The student: "Intending" is a ḥāl, a second ḥāl.
The Shaykh : No, Salama?
The student: A past tense verb.
The Shaykh : Salama?
The student: A present tense verb.
The Shaykh : A present tense verb.
The student: Defective in the last letter.
The Shaykh : Yes, someone else? Hmm? Muhammad?
The student: The parsing of "intending"?
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The predicate of the subject.
The Shaykh : It is the predicate of the subject, where is the subject?
The student: The subject is "he."
The Shaykh : Good, parse the rest?
The student: "Intending" is a predicate in the nominative case, and the sign of its nominative case is the deletion of the letter of weakness.
The Shaykh : No.
The student: Its original form is "intending" (nāwi).
The Shaykh : Its original form is "intending" (nāwi), correct, but what is the sign of its nominative case?
The student: A dammah estimated on the deleted yā'.
The Shaykh : The deleted one, yes, correct, and "his journey"?
The student: It is the object of the active participle.
The Shaykh : Which is "intending"?
The student: And the subject is a hidden pronoun estimated as "he."
The Shaykh : And the sentence "he is intending his journey"?
The student: It is in the position of the accusative case as a ḥāl.
The Shaykh : It is in the position of the accusative case as a ḥāl. Good, the author (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The ḥāl may come as a sentence, and it has been mentioned before that the ḥāl is a single word or not? The ḥāl is a description, a description, and a description is for a single word, the man came riding, but the ḥāl may be a sentence, either nominal or verbal, it may be a sentence, either nominal or verbal. The author says: "The place of the ḥāl is where a sentence comes"
Meaning: the sentence comes in the place of the ḥāl, and if it comes in the place of the ḥāl, its position is the accusative case. Its example: Zayd came while intending his journey. If you changed this sentence to a noun and said: Zayd came intending his journey, is it acceptable or not?
The student: It is valid.
The Shaykh : It is acceptable. So the sentence "he is intending his journey" is in the position of the accusative case as a ḥāl. Did you understand now? Another example: The man came while he was hurrying, or not? The man came while he was hurrying, meaning: and the state is that he is hurrying. The man approached and the sun was rising. "The man approached" is a verb and a subject, "and the sun" the waw is for the ḥāl, "the sun" is a subject, and "rising" is the predicate of the subject, and the meaning is: The man approached and the state is that the sun was rising, or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Good, a third or fourth example.
The student: On the verb or the noun?
The Shaykh : On the noun, a nominal sentence like the author said.
The student: His saying, the Exalted:
take it in satisfaction and ease.
كلوه هنيئًا مريئًاThe Shaykh : No, "pleasantly" is a noun, let us have a nominal sentence.