Explanation of the statement of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): Exception.
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The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Exception. The term "exception" is derived from "thani," which means "conjunction" or "linking." It is called "thani" because, in reality, it involves a return to previous speech, as if you are turning back to the preceding statement. In technical terminology, it is defined as excluding something that would have been included in the statement had it not been for the exception, using "illa" (except) or one of its sister particles. This is exception: excluding what would have been included in the statement had it not been for the exception, using "illa" or one of its sister particles. An example of this is: "The students memorized the lesson." What does this imply?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : It implies that all the students memorized the lesson. So you say: "Except Zayd." Now, Zayd is one of the students. Now, you have excluded Zayd from the previous ruling using what? Using "illa." Using "illa." And when we say "one of its sister particles," we mean "siwa" (other than), "ghayr" (other than), "hasha" (except), and the other tools of exception that follow. So, the definition of exception in technical terminology is: excluding what would have been included in the statement had it not been for the exception, using "illa" or one of its sister particles. An example, my brother Sa'id?
The student: All the students memorized the lesson except Zayd.
The Shaykh : "Except Zayd." Yes, "except Zayd." Now, grammarians do not concern themselves with the meaning of exception, the conditions of exception, and so on. Who is the one who concerns himself with that?
The student: The rhetoricians.
The Shaykh : The rhetoricians, or the usuliyyun (scholars of legal theory) in the principles of jurisprudence. The grammarians only say: "It is not our concern except to correct the tongue... what is made accusative and what is made accusative after 'illa.'" The author (may Allah have mercy on him) explained that sufficiently with words that were said to be complex, but after the explanation, they will not be complex. First, the author says.
Exception. The term "exception" is derived from "thani," which means "conjunction" or "linking." It is called "thani" because, in reality, it involves a return to previous speech, as if you are turning back to the preceding statement. In technical terminology, it is defined as excluding something that would have been included in the statement had it not been for the exception, using "illa" (except) or one of its sister particles. This is exception: excluding what would have been included in the statement had it not been for the exception, using "illa" or one of its sister particles. An example of this is: "The students memorized the lesson." What does this imply?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : It implies that all the students memorized the lesson. So you say: "Except Zayd." Now, Zayd is one of the students. Now, you have excluded Zayd from the previous ruling using what? Using "illa." Using "illa." And when we say "one of its sister particles," we mean "siwa" (other than), "ghayr" (other than), "hasha" (except), and the other tools of exception that follow. So, the definition of exception in technical terminology is: excluding what would have been included in the statement had it not been for the exception, using "illa" or one of its sister particles. An example, my brother Sa'id?
The student: All the students memorized the lesson except Zayd.
The Shaykh : "Except Zayd." Yes, "except Zayd." Now, grammarians do not concern themselves with the meaning of exception, the conditions of exception, and so on. Who is the one who concerns himself with that?
The student: The rhetoricians.
The Shaykh : The rhetoricians, or the usuliyyun (scholars of legal theory) in the principles of jurisprudence. The grammarians only say: "It is not our concern except to correct the tongue... what is made accusative and what is made accusative after 'illa.'" The author (may Allah have mercy on him) explained that sufficiently with words that were said to be complex, but after the explanation, they will not be complex. First, the author says.