Explanation of the author's (may Allah have mercy on him) statement: " . . .
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The Shaykh : He said: "The letters of exception are eight", meaning ten minus two. We have ten minus two because we are in the chapter of exception; ten minus two is eight.
"And they are: illa, ghayr, sawa, sawa', sawa', khala, 'ada, and hasha". These are eight tools. Eight tools. And we benefit from the author's statement: "The letters of exception": that these eight tools are letters. That these eight tools are letters. But that is not the case. That is not the case. Because ghayr is not a letter. Ghayr is a noun. But perhaps the author (may Allah have mercy on him) intended by "letters" here "words." He intended by that "words," and words include nouns, verbs, and letters. So the author's statement: "The letters of the tools," excuse me, I meant: "The letters of exception" means "the tools of exception," because not all of them are letters, as you know. "And they are: illa", and this is the mother of the chapter. The origin of exception is to be with illa, and what remains is subordinate to it. And here an example has come to you. For this reason we say: with illa, or?
The student: Or one of its sisters.
The Shaykh : With one of its sisters. "And ghayr, sawa, sawa' …" and so on. And the explanation of the function of these things will come, if Allah wills.
"And they are: illa, ghayr, sawa, sawa', sawa', khala, 'ada, and hasha". These are eight tools. Eight tools. And we benefit from the author's statement: "The letters of exception": that these eight tools are letters. That these eight tools are letters. But that is not the case. That is not the case. Because ghayr is not a letter. Ghayr is a noun. But perhaps the author (may Allah have mercy on him) intended by "letters" here "words." He intended by that "words," and words include nouns, verbs, and letters. So the author's statement: "The letters of the tools," excuse me, I meant: "The letters of exception" means "the tools of exception," because not all of them are letters, as you know. "And they are: illa", and this is the mother of the chapter. The origin of exception is to be with illa, and what remains is subordinate to it. And here an example has come to you. For this reason we say: with illa, or?
The student: Or one of its sisters.
The Shaykh : With one of its sisters. "And ghayr, sawa, sawa' …" and so on. And the explanation of the function of these things will come, if Allah wills.