Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "Follow what is connected, and put in the accusative what is disconnected *** And regarding Tamim, a substitution has occurred therein."
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The Shaykh :"Follow what is connected" means following what is attached, or being a dependent of what came before, except in terms of grammatical case. It means following what preceded it, except in terms of grammatical case. If what came before is in the nominative case, then it is in the nominative case; if it is in the accusative case, then it is in the accusative case; and if it is in the genitive case, then it is in the genitive case. Following what is connected. Do you understand, everyone? Good. What is connected and what is disconnected? "And put in the accusative what is disconnected" What is the disconnected and the connected in the exception? They say: If the excepted item is of the same kind as the item from which the exception is made, then it is connected. If the excepted item is of a different kind, then it is disconnected; they call it disconnected. Now we understand from the author's words that if the sentence is complete and preceded by a negation or its like, then it is not free from being either a connected exception or a disconnected exception. If it is connected, then the preferred option is to follow what preceded it. If it is disconnected, then it is obligatory to put it in the accusative case. For this reason, he said: "And put in the accusative" "Put in the accusative" is an imperative verb, an imperative verb indicating obligation. "And put in the accusative what is disconnected" Put in the accusative what is disconnected. What is the disconnected and the connected? If it is of the same kind as the item from which the exception is made, then it is connected. If it is of a different kind, then it is disconnected. Let us see now: "The men did not stand." What do you say about this? Is it complete?
The student: Yes ... it is complete.
The Shaykh : It is complete, but it is preceded by a negation. It is complete, but it is preceded by a negation. "The men did not stand." Now we bring in the exception: "except Zayd" (nominative) or "except Zayd" (accusative)? Which is the preferred option?
The student: Zayd.
The Shaykh : The preferred option is "Zayd" (nominative).
The student: Based on following.
The Shaykh : Following, because it is connected. So the best is following. So I say: "The men did not stand except Zayd" (nominative). "No one stood except Zayd" (nominative). Is that so?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : "No student slept except a lazy one" (nominative)?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : "No student slept except a lazy one" (nominative). Correct?
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : Good. The author says: "It was selected to follow what is connected" "It was selected" means it was chosen, meaning: it is not obligatory.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : ... Now the grammatical analysis: "No one stood except Zayd" (nominative). "Ma" is a negation particle. "Qama" is a past tense verb. "Ahad" is the subject. "Illaa" is the particle of exception. And "Zayd" (nominative) is a substitute for "ahad."
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : "Zayd" (nominative) is a substitute for "ahad." And the substitute for a nominative noun is nominative, so it is in the nominative case as a substitute. Good. "I did not read in a book except the explanation of Ibn 'Aqil." "Sharh" (accusative) or "Sharh" (genitive)?
The student: "Sharh" (accusative) ...
The Shaykh : "I did not read in a book except the explanation of Ibn 'Aqil"?
The student: "Sharh" (accusative).
The Shaykh : "Sharh" (genitive)?
The student : It is better.
The Shaykh : Excellent. And "Sharh" (accusative) is permissible. "Except the explanation (accusative) of Ibn 'Aqil," is that so? Look: "I did not read in a book." "Ma" is a preposition. "Qara'tu" is a verb and its subject. "Fi" is a preposition. And "kitab" is a noun in the genitive case due to "fi." "Illaa" is the particle of exception. "Sharh Ibn 'Aqil." "Sharh" (genitive) is a substitute for "kitab." And the substitute for a genitive noun is genitive. And the sign of its genitive case is a visible kasrah at its end. And "Sharh" is a possessive noun, and "Ibn 'Aqil" is the possessed noun. Do you understand now? Good. "I did not read a book except the explanation (accusative) of Ibn 'Aqil." "I did not read a book except the explanation (accusative) of Ibn 'Aqil"?
The student: Depending on ...
The Shaykh : Now the wording does not allow, the wording does not allow, the accusative case. But do you say: Is "Sharh" (accusative) in the accusative case due to the exception, or in the accusative case due to being a substitute? Which do you prefer?
The student: Being a substitute.
The Shaykh : In the accusative case due to being a substitute. In the accusative case due to being a substitute. Because he said: "It was selected to follow what is connected" Good. The second situation. What is the first situation? That the sentence is complete and affirmative, or if we wish, we say not preceded by a negation or its like. So here?
The student: The accusative case is obligatory.
The Shaykh : The accusative case is obligatory in every situation. That the sentence is complete and preceded by a negation or its like. So here there is a detail: If the exception is disconnected, then the accusative case is obligatory. If it is connected, then being a substitute is preferred and the accusative case is permissible. Being a substitute is preferred and the accusative case is permissible. We took examples of the connected one. "The men did not stand except Zayd" (nominative) or?
The student: Zayd.
The Shaykh : Or "except Zayd" (accusative). "I did not pass by anyone except Zayd" (genitive) or "except Zayd" (accusative). "I did not see anyone except Zayd" (accusative) or?
The student: Zayd.
The Shaykh : Or "except Zayd" (accusative). But the speech is based on the assumed grammatical case. The assumed grammatical case. The result now, this issue is the second situation. If the excepted item is disconnected. What does disconnected mean? That which is not of the same kind as the item from which the exception is made. An example of that on the tongues of grammarians: "The men stood except a donkey" (accusative).
The student: ...
The Shaykh : "The men stood except a donkey" (accusative). What do you think? Is the donkey one of the men?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : It is not of their kind. Good.
The student: Yes ... it is complete.
The Shaykh : It is complete, but it is preceded by a negation. It is complete, but it is preceded by a negation. "The men did not stand." Now we bring in the exception: "except Zayd" (nominative) or "except Zayd" (accusative)? Which is the preferred option?
The student: Zayd.
The Shaykh : The preferred option is "Zayd" (nominative).
The student: Based on following.
The Shaykh : Following, because it is connected. So the best is following. So I say: "The men did not stand except Zayd" (nominative). "No one stood except Zayd" (nominative). Is that so?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : "No student slept except a lazy one" (nominative)?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : "No student slept except a lazy one" (nominative). Correct?
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : Good. The author says: "It was selected to follow what is connected" "It was selected" means it was chosen, meaning: it is not obligatory.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : ... Now the grammatical analysis: "No one stood except Zayd" (nominative). "Ma" is a negation particle. "Qama" is a past tense verb. "Ahad" is the subject. "Illaa" is the particle of exception. And "Zayd" (nominative) is a substitute for "ahad."
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : "Zayd" (nominative) is a substitute for "ahad." And the substitute for a nominative noun is nominative, so it is in the nominative case as a substitute. Good. "I did not read in a book except the explanation of Ibn 'Aqil." "Sharh" (accusative) or "Sharh" (genitive)?
The student: "Sharh" (accusative) ...
The Shaykh : "I did not read in a book except the explanation of Ibn 'Aqil"?
The student: "Sharh" (accusative).
The Shaykh : "Sharh" (genitive)?
The student : It is better.
The Shaykh : Excellent. And "Sharh" (accusative) is permissible. "Except the explanation (accusative) of Ibn 'Aqil," is that so? Look: "I did not read in a book." "Ma" is a preposition. "Qara'tu" is a verb and its subject. "Fi" is a preposition. And "kitab" is a noun in the genitive case due to "fi." "Illaa" is the particle of exception. "Sharh Ibn 'Aqil." "Sharh" (genitive) is a substitute for "kitab." And the substitute for a genitive noun is genitive. And the sign of its genitive case is a visible kasrah at its end. And "Sharh" is a possessive noun, and "Ibn 'Aqil" is the possessed noun. Do you understand now? Good. "I did not read a book except the explanation (accusative) of Ibn 'Aqil." "I did not read a book except the explanation (accusative) of Ibn 'Aqil"?
The student: Depending on ...
The Shaykh : Now the wording does not allow, the wording does not allow, the accusative case. But do you say: Is "Sharh" (accusative) in the accusative case due to the exception, or in the accusative case due to being a substitute? Which do you prefer?
The student: Being a substitute.
The Shaykh : In the accusative case due to being a substitute. In the accusative case due to being a substitute. Because he said: "It was selected to follow what is connected" Good. The second situation. What is the first situation? That the sentence is complete and affirmative, or if we wish, we say not preceded by a negation or its like. So here?
The student: The accusative case is obligatory.
The Shaykh : The accusative case is obligatory in every situation. That the sentence is complete and preceded by a negation or its like. So here there is a detail: If the exception is disconnected, then the accusative case is obligatory. If it is connected, then being a substitute is preferred and the accusative case is permissible. Being a substitute is preferred and the accusative case is permissible. We took examples of the connected one. "The men did not stand except Zayd" (nominative) or?
The student: Zayd.
The Shaykh : Or "except Zayd" (accusative). "I did not pass by anyone except Zayd" (genitive) or "except Zayd" (accusative). "I did not see anyone except Zayd" (accusative) or?
The student: Zayd.
The Shaykh : Or "except Zayd" (accusative). But the speech is based on the assumed grammatical case. The assumed grammatical case. The result now, this issue is the second situation. If the excepted item is disconnected. What does disconnected mean? That which is not of the same kind as the item from which the exception is made. An example of that on the tongues of grammarians: "The men stood except a donkey" (accusative).
The student: ...
The Shaykh : "The men stood except a donkey" (accusative). What do you think? Is the donkey one of the men?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : It is not of their kind. Good.