Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And if a preceding verb is emptied except for what *** comes after, it is as if the exception did not exist."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : The third of the conditions of the exception is that the sentence before it is incomplete, emptied for it. The author said:
"And if a preceding verb is emptied except for what *** comes after, it is as if the exception did not exist"
It is permissible to say "non-existence" in two manuscripts. "And if a preceding verb is emptied except for what *** comes after" "emptied" here is in the subjunctive mood with "in" (if), as it is the verb of the condition. "preceding": the subject of "emptied". "except": the object of "preceding", the object of "preceding". Meaning: if the preceding operator for "except" is emptied, for what is it emptied?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : For what comes after. After what? After "except". If it is emptied for what comes after "except", "is": this is the answer to the condition. If it is emptied, "is" is the answer to the condition. "as if the exception did not exist" Meaning: this operator is emptied "as if the exception did not exist", meaning: as if "except" did not exist, as if "except" did not exist. If it is emptied for the nominative, what comes after "except" becomes nominative. If it is emptied for the accusative, what comes after "except" becomes accusative. If it is emptied for the genitive, what comes after "except" becomes genitive. Shall we give examples? "No one stood up except Zayd." Where is the subject of "stood up"? "Stood up" is now emptied, emptied. We did not put an object in it, we emptied it. "Stood up" is a verb with one object, so we say: "no": a negation, and "stood up": a past tense verb. And "except" is called here a tool of restriction, or a tool of cancelled exception, or a tool of cancelled exception. And this is more accurate to say a tool of cancelled exception. And "Zayd"?
The student: Active subject.
The Shaykh : The subject of "stood up", as if "except" is not present, as if you said: "Zayd did not stand up." Okay, "I did not honor except the diligent one." "I did not honor," where is the object of "honor"?
The student: The diligent one.
The Shaykh : The diligent one, because I emptied it from the object of "honor" and empowered it over what comes after "except", as if what comes after "except" is its object. Yes, "I did not honor except the diligent one." "I did not pass by except with Zayd." "I did not pass by," "pass by" is known to take the preposition "with" (ba). We emptied it and did not bring the object, and placed it after "except", so it became "I did not pass by except with Zayd." Now the object of "pass by" is after your saying: "except". It is what falls after "except", because "except" when we emptied what is before "except", what is after it:
"And if a preceding verb is emptied except for what *** comes after, it is as if the exception did not exist"
And this is the third condition of the exception, that what is before it is incomplete in meaning: it requires the object to be emptied. So what comes after "except" becomes an object for it. If it requires it as a subject, it is a subject. Or if it requires it as an object, it is an object. Or if it requires it as a genitive, it is a genitive. "Zayd was not except standing." Is this emptied or not?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : "Zayd was not except standing."
The student: Emptied.
The Shaykh : Emptied, because "was" requires a name and a predicate.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : ... So it is emptied. Emptied, not from all its objects, but from one operator, which is the predicate. "I did not think Zayd except understanding." Emptied or not?
The student: Emptied.
The Shaykh : Emptied from its two objects, or from the second object?
The student: From the second object.
The Shaykh : From the second object, so the second object is what comes after "except", so the second object is what comes after "except", yes?
The student: Does the grammatical analysis differ?
The Shaykh : It does not differ.
The questioner : What comes after "except" ... is omitted.
The Shaykh : ...
"And if a preceding verb is emptied except for what *** comes after, it is as if the exception did not exist"
It is permissible to say "non-existence" in two manuscripts. "And if a preceding verb is emptied except for what *** comes after" "emptied" here is in the subjunctive mood with "in" (if), as it is the verb of the condition. "preceding": the subject of "emptied". "except": the object of "preceding", the object of "preceding". Meaning: if the preceding operator for "except" is emptied, for what is it emptied?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : For what comes after. After what? After "except". If it is emptied for what comes after "except", "is": this is the answer to the condition. If it is emptied, "is" is the answer to the condition. "as if the exception did not exist" Meaning: this operator is emptied "as if the exception did not exist", meaning: as if "except" did not exist, as if "except" did not exist. If it is emptied for the nominative, what comes after "except" becomes nominative. If it is emptied for the accusative, what comes after "except" becomes accusative. If it is emptied for the genitive, what comes after "except" becomes genitive. Shall we give examples? "No one stood up except Zayd." Where is the subject of "stood up"? "Stood up" is now emptied, emptied. We did not put an object in it, we emptied it. "Stood up" is a verb with one object, so we say: "no": a negation, and "stood up": a past tense verb. And "except" is called here a tool of restriction, or a tool of cancelled exception, or a tool of cancelled exception. And this is more accurate to say a tool of cancelled exception. And "Zayd"?
The student: Active subject.
The Shaykh : The subject of "stood up", as if "except" is not present, as if you said: "Zayd did not stand up." Okay, "I did not honor except the diligent one." "I did not honor," where is the object of "honor"?
The student: The diligent one.
The Shaykh : The diligent one, because I emptied it from the object of "honor" and empowered it over what comes after "except", as if what comes after "except" is its object. Yes, "I did not honor except the diligent one." "I did not pass by except with Zayd." "I did not pass by," "pass by" is known to take the preposition "with" (ba). We emptied it and did not bring the object, and placed it after "except", so it became "I did not pass by except with Zayd." Now the object of "pass by" is after your saying: "except". It is what falls after "except", because "except" when we emptied what is before "except", what is after it:
"And if a preceding verb is emptied except for what *** comes after, it is as if the exception did not exist"
And this is the third condition of the exception, that what is before it is incomplete in meaning: it requires the object to be emptied. So what comes after "except" becomes an object for it. If it requires it as a subject, it is a subject. Or if it requires it as an object, it is an object. Or if it requires it as a genitive, it is a genitive. "Zayd was not except standing." Is this emptied or not?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : "Zayd was not except standing."
The student: Emptied.
The Shaykh : Emptied, because "was" requires a name and a predicate.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : ... So it is emptied. Emptied, not from all its objects, but from one operator, which is the predicate. "I did not think Zayd except understanding." Emptied or not?
The student: Emptied.
The Shaykh : Emptied from its two objects, or from the second object?
The student: From the second object.
The Shaykh : From the second object, so the second object is what comes after "except", so the second object is what comes after "except", yes?
The student: Does the grammatical analysis differ?
The Shaykh : It does not differ.
The questioner : What comes after "except" ... is omitted.
The Shaykh : ...