Explanation of the saying of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And after its genitive case, to which it was added *** its action is completed by accusative or nominative."
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The Shaykh : Then he said:
"And after its genitive case, to which it was added *** its action is completed by accusative or nominative"
Yes, that is right.
"And after its genitive case, to which it was added *** its action is completed by accusative or nominative"
The author has benefited us with "after its genitive case, to which it was added": "after its genitive case" is an example that serves as a model for what we want. "After its genitive case, to which it was added" means: after the genitive case of the verbal noun to which it was added. Here, the verbal noun is in the genitive case and added to the doer. His saying, "to which it was added", is an object in the position of the accusative. The meaning is: and after the genitive case of the one to which it was added. That is, if you add the verbal noun to a name, naturally, will it be in the genitive case or not? The added noun and the noun to which it is added—what will the noun to which it is added be? Tell me, everyone?
The student: Genitive.
The Shaykh : It is in the genitive case. If the one to which it is added is in the genitive case, he says: "its action is completed by accusative or nominative". It is completed by the accusative if it is added to the doer, or by the nominative if it is added to the object. So the author (may Allah have mercy on him) has derived from this verse a rule: which is that the verbal noun is added to its doer; it is added to its doer, and its object is in the accusative. And it is added to its object, and its doer is in the nominative. This is the rule. So if it takes two objects, if it takes two objects, then it takes two objects; its action is completed by the accusative. If it is a verb that takes two objects, it must be completed. For example, if you say: "I was surprised by your supposition that Zayd is standing." Look now, "your supposition" is added to what?
The student: The one who performs it.
The Shaykh : To the doer. And "Zayd" is the first object, and "standing" is the second object. "I was surprised by your showing Zayd that 'Umar is standing." Is that right?
The student: Three objects.
The Shaykh : It takes three objects in the accusative. The important point is that if it is added and the noun to which it is added is in the genitive case, if it is added to its doer, then the objects should come. If it is added to its object, then the doer should come. "Its action is completed by accusative or nominative". What is an example of it being added to the object, with the doer coming after it?
The student: "Her hands sweep away the pebbles in every midday heat *** sweeping away the dirhams, the money-changers are led".
The Shaykh : Yes, "Her hands sweep away the pebbles in every midday heat *** sweeping away the dirhams, the money-changers are led".
This is eloquent Arabic. "Her hands sweep away the pebbles" means: her camel sweeps away with its hands—do you know its hands?—the pebbles in every midday heat. The midday heat is the intense heat of the sun. It means: he describes it as strong and walking. If a pebble is hidden, it sweeps it away there. "Sweeping away the dirhams, the money-changers are led." "Dirhams" is the plural of dirham, and "sweeping away" means counting. And "money-changers" means the money-changers. When the money-changers count the dirhams, I think it tires them?
The student: No, no, no.
The Shaykh : It does not tire them. That is, they can count perhaps a hundred thousand, and you have not counted a thousand because of their speed. Like this, and also, dirhams are not like the paper we have; dirhams are silver. He says, like this, like this, like this, like this, like this. Yes, so:
"Her hands sweep away the pebbles in every midday heat *** sweeping away the dirhams, the money-changers are led".
Look at "sweeping away the dirhams." "Sweeping away" is a verbal noun added to its object. "Are led" is the doer of "sweeping away." And "are led" is added, and "money-changers" is the noun to which it is added, in the genitive case with a visible kasrah. So we say: it is added to its doer, and its object or objects are in the accusative. And it is added to its object, and its doer is in the nominative. He says: "And after its genitive case, to which it was added", not "and what follows the genitive is also in the genitive".
"And after its genitive case, to which it was added *** its action is completed by accusative or nominative"
Yes, that is right.
"And after its genitive case, to which it was added *** its action is completed by accusative or nominative"
The author has benefited us with "after its genitive case, to which it was added": "after its genitive case" is an example that serves as a model for what we want. "After its genitive case, to which it was added" means: after the genitive case of the verbal noun to which it was added. Here, the verbal noun is in the genitive case and added to the doer. His saying, "to which it was added", is an object in the position of the accusative. The meaning is: and after the genitive case of the one to which it was added. That is, if you add the verbal noun to a name, naturally, will it be in the genitive case or not? The added noun and the noun to which it is added—what will the noun to which it is added be? Tell me, everyone?
The student: Genitive.
The Shaykh : It is in the genitive case. If the one to which it is added is in the genitive case, he says: "its action is completed by accusative or nominative". It is completed by the accusative if it is added to the doer, or by the nominative if it is added to the object. So the author (may Allah have mercy on him) has derived from this verse a rule: which is that the verbal noun is added to its doer; it is added to its doer, and its object is in the accusative. And it is added to its object, and its doer is in the nominative. This is the rule. So if it takes two objects, if it takes two objects, then it takes two objects; its action is completed by the accusative. If it is a verb that takes two objects, it must be completed. For example, if you say: "I was surprised by your supposition that Zayd is standing." Look now, "your supposition" is added to what?
The student: The one who performs it.
The Shaykh : To the doer. And "Zayd" is the first object, and "standing" is the second object. "I was surprised by your showing Zayd that 'Umar is standing." Is that right?
The student: Three objects.
The Shaykh : It takes three objects in the accusative. The important point is that if it is added and the noun to which it is added is in the genitive case, if it is added to its doer, then the objects should come. If it is added to its object, then the doer should come. "Its action is completed by accusative or nominative". What is an example of it being added to the object, with the doer coming after it?
The student: "Her hands sweep away the pebbles in every midday heat *** sweeping away the dirhams, the money-changers are led".
The Shaykh : Yes, "Her hands sweep away the pebbles in every midday heat *** sweeping away the dirhams, the money-changers are led".
This is eloquent Arabic. "Her hands sweep away the pebbles" means: her camel sweeps away with its hands—do you know its hands?—the pebbles in every midday heat. The midday heat is the intense heat of the sun. It means: he describes it as strong and walking. If a pebble is hidden, it sweeps it away there. "Sweeping away the dirhams, the money-changers are led." "Dirhams" is the plural of dirham, and "sweeping away" means counting. And "money-changers" means the money-changers. When the money-changers count the dirhams, I think it tires them?
The student: No, no, no.
The Shaykh : It does not tire them. That is, they can count perhaps a hundred thousand, and you have not counted a thousand because of their speed. Like this, and also, dirhams are not like the paper we have; dirhams are silver. He says, like this, like this, like this, like this, like this. Yes, so:
"Her hands sweep away the pebbles in every midday heat *** sweeping away the dirhams, the money-changers are led".
Look at "sweeping away the dirhams." "Sweeping away" is a verbal noun added to its object. "Are led" is the doer of "sweeping away." And "are led" is added, and "money-changers" is the noun to which it is added, in the genitive case with a visible kasrah. So we say: it is added to its doer, and its object or objects are in the accusative. And it is added to its object, and its doer is in the nominative. He says: "And after its genitive case, to which it was added", not "and what follows the genitive is also in the genitive".