Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "For the endpoint, 'hatta,' the lām, and 'ilā' *** and 'min' and the bā' are understood as substitutes."

The Shaykh :"and 'ilā'"
It means: The meaning is that 'hatta,' the lām, and 'ilā'—these three come for the endpoint. An example of 'hatta' is the saying of Allah the Exalted: Or not?
The student: Yes.

The Shaykh : And from it also: ... Okay, so, do you mean that you, being from the Kufis, see that 'hatta' puts the verb in the accusative case? The Basrans say: 'hatta' is a preposition, and the verb is in the accusative case due to a hidden 'anna' after 'hatta.' On this basis, the meaning would be "eat and drink until it becomes clear." It is interpreted with a verbal noun. Yes, this is the opinion of the Basrans. As for the Kufis, they see that 'hatta' itself puts [the verb] in the accusative case, as we have mentioned before. In any case, it is for the endpoint, even if we say it is a verb that is attached to a verb, it is for the endpoint. Okay, likewise, the lām can be for the endpoint; it can be a lām for the endpoint. For example, if you say: "I traveled from Unaizah to Makkah," meaning: to Makkah. And like the saying of Allah the Exalted: Does it run for a term or until a term?
The student: Two verses.

The Shaykh : There are two verses in it: one verse is and in the verse meaning: to, to a specified term. So the lām comes for the limit, and 'ilā' is the original; 'ilā' is for the limit. So you would say, for example: Rather, Allah the Exalted said: This is the endpoint Did you understand? Okay, is the limit included or not included?
The student: According to the context.

The Shaykh : Huh? Not included except by context. It is not included except by context. So if I said, for example: "I traveled to the valley along the course of the stream," did you enter it or not?
The student: No.

The Shaykh : No, you did not enter it. Likewise, Does the night enter into the fast?
The student: No.

The Shaykh : It does not enter. So the starting point of the limit is not included. You have land from this to this; is the limit included or not included?
The student: It falls under it.

The Shaykh : No, it is not included. If I said to you, for example: "This land is from this to the mountain?" Huh?
The student: It does not fall under it.

The Shaykh : It is not included. From this to ... it is not included. Yes, but if a context is found, then it is included. And among them is the saying of Allah the Exalted, for it is a context here that is external: So the shoulder is included in the action of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him).
"and 'ilā' *** and 'min' and the bā' are understood as substitutes", "'min' and the bā' are understood as substitutes"
It means: They come for substitution. 'Min' comes as a substitute, meaning: it comes with the meaning of "instead of." It comes with the meaning of "instead of." It is not that it said: "for part, for explanation, and for beginning." Ah, it comes for part, for explanation, and for beginning, and it also comes with the meaning of substitution. It comes as an extra letter and it comes with the meaning of substitution. Allah the Exalted said: Huh?
The student: An apposition.

The Shaykh : Meaning: from you, you are the explanatory "dhi," not a substitute. Instead of you, angels in the earth who will succeed What is the meaning of "from the Hereafter"? Meaning: instead of the Hereafter. And the meaning is not that the worldly life is from the Hereafter; no, it is not from it. Meaning: instead of the Hereafter. Yes, and you say: "I was satisfied with the dirham instead of the dinar," meaning: instead of the dinar. And is there a saying of the poet:
"Like the one seeking shelter from the scorching heat by the fire"? Here, "Like the one seeking shelter from the scorching heat by the fire", meaning instead of the fire?
The student: No, it does not work.

The Shaykh : No, no, it does not work as a substitute. Like the one seeking shelter from the scorching heat.
The student: Instead of it.

The Shaykh : Like the one seeking shelter from the scorching heat by the fire.
The student: It does not work, because he is seeking shelter from the scorching heat.

The Shaykh : Okay, it does not work, maybe ... Okay, "and 'min' and the bā'" also, the bā' comes as a substitute, meaning: instead of. Like your saying: "I do not love to have, by it, the camels of the noble kind." Yes, like this is the saying of Ka'b ibn Malik. Huh? What did he say? Meaning: instead of Badr. And from it is the saying of the poet:
"But my people, though they are of noble lineage *** Are not of evil in any way, though they are lowly"
They reward the people of evil with forgiveness for the evil
"They reward the people of injustice with injustice, forgiveness *** and the people of evil with kindness for their wrongdoing"
Is this praise or blame? Huh?
The student: On the surface, it is praise.

The Shaykh : On the surface, it is praise, but is it blame or not? He says: My tribe are people of lineage and honor who do not love evil, even if it is slight. And if we wrong them to the limit, they reward injustice with forgiveness. And if I wrong them, they reward wrongdoing with kindness. Huh? This is what the one who says this is good. But in reality, because of their badness, there is no good in them. For this reason, he said:
"So would that I had, by them, a people when they ride *** they launch raids, as horsemen and as individuals"
"And as riders?
They do not ask about their brother when he is mourned *** in times of hardship for what he said, as proof.
The student: It looks like he wants life.

The Shaykh : Huh? When he says "come, rely on Allah," they do not say "what happened?" Or did he say "it became such and such"? He said "what do you want, who will say it?" Immediately. Okay, the point is his saying:
"So would that I had, by them, a people" "So would that I had, by them," "by them" means what?
The student: Instead of them.

The Shaykh : Instead of them, a people when they ride, to the end of it. So the bā' comes with the meaning of "instead of," and 'min' comes with the meaning of "instead of." For this reason, he said:
"and 'min' and the bā' are understood as substitutes" Then he said:
"and the lām is for ownership and its like".