Explanation of the author's statement: "…and following it is the time of Fajr until the sun rises…"
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The Shaykh : The author said "and following it is the time of Fajr until the sun rises". The author did not specify the beginning of the time of Fajr because he holds that the time for 'Isha' extends until the appearance of Fajr. Therefore, he said "and following it is the time of Fajr", meaning it begins from the appearance of Fajr. It is strange that the author (may Allah have mercy on him) appears, by the wording of his text, to hold that delaying the 'Isha' prayer until after the middle of the night is permissible, because he did not state that it is a time of necessity. It is known among the scholars that the period between the middle of the night and Fajr is a time of necessity, not a time of permissibility.
Now, as for the time of Fajr, it is from the appearance of the second Fajr until the sun rises. How long is it in hours? It varies; it may be an hour and a half, or an hour and a quarter, like Fajr, like 'Isha', or like Maghrib. Yes, like Maghrib.
Shaykh al-Islam (may Allah have mercy on him) said, "Whoever thinks that the share of Fajr is like the share of Maghrib has erred and made a mistake". This means that some people make the time between the appearance of Fajr and the rising of the sun an hour and a half, and the time between the setting of the sun and the disappearance of the twilight an hour and a half. This is an error and is not correct, because the duration between the appearance of Fajr and the rising of the sun lengthens in the winter days due to the rising of vapors upward, which reflects the light of the sun early, thus lengthening the share of Fajr. The opposite occurs in the summer. The opposite also applies to the share of Maghrib; that is, if the share of Fajr lengthens, the share of Maghrib shortens, and vice versa. In any case, these are horizontal phenomena, and one can learn more about the science of this than what Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said. As for observation, if you are on land and there are no lights around you that prevent vision, and there is no haze, then when you see the white light extending from the north to the south, the time of Fajr has entered, so pray Fajr. Before it becomes clear, do not pray; do not pray Fajr. He said "until the sun rises," and the evidence for this is the hadith of 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As, which Muslim and others narrated. After the appearance of Fajr until the sun reaches its zenith is not a time for the obligatory prayer, just as from the rising of the sun until it reaches its zenith is not a time for the obligatory prayer, and just as from the middle of the night until the appearance of Fajr is not a time for an obligatory prayer. These are the five times in which Allah has made prayer obligatory.
Now, as for the time of Fajr, it is from the appearance of the second Fajr until the sun rises. How long is it in hours? It varies; it may be an hour and a half, or an hour and a quarter, like Fajr, like 'Isha', or like Maghrib. Yes, like Maghrib.
Shaykh al-Islam (may Allah have mercy on him) said, "Whoever thinks that the share of Fajr is like the share of Maghrib has erred and made a mistake". This means that some people make the time between the appearance of Fajr and the rising of the sun an hour and a half, and the time between the setting of the sun and the disappearance of the twilight an hour and a half. This is an error and is not correct, because the duration between the appearance of Fajr and the rising of the sun lengthens in the winter days due to the rising of vapors upward, which reflects the light of the sun early, thus lengthening the share of Fajr. The opposite occurs in the summer. The opposite also applies to the share of Maghrib; that is, if the share of Fajr lengthens, the share of Maghrib shortens, and vice versa. In any case, these are horizontal phenomena, and one can learn more about the science of this than what Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said. As for observation, if you are on land and there are no lights around you that prevent vision, and there is no haze, then when you see the white light extending from the north to the south, the time of Fajr has entered, so pray Fajr. Before it becomes clear, do not pray; do not pray Fajr. He said "until the sun rises," and the evidence for this is the hadith of 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As, which Muslim and others narrated. After the appearance of Fajr until the sun reaches its zenith is not a time for the obligatory prayer, just as from the rising of the sun until it reaches its zenith is not a time for the obligatory prayer, and just as from the middle of the night until the appearance of Fajr is not a time for an obligatory prayer. These are the five times in which Allah has made prayer obligatory.