Explanation of the author's statement: "...and the order is dropped by forgetting it and by fearing the exit of the time of the current prayer..."
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The Shaykh : The author (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "and the order is dropped by forgetting it and by fearing the exit of the time of the current prayer". The author mentioned that it is dropped by two things.
First is forgetting. So if a person has five obligatory prayers to make up, starting from the midday prayer, and he forgets and starts with the dawn prayer, even though it is the last one, we say his making up is valid because he forgot. If he started with the afternoon prayer before the midday prayer out of forgetfulness, the making up is valid because it is dropped by forgetting. What is the evidence? The evidence is the generality of the saying of Allah the Exalted:[Al-Baqarah 2:286]. It is also possible to cite as evidence the precedence of some rites of Hajj over others on the Day of Sacrifice, where the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to say: . However, there is a consideration in citing this as evidence because the acts of worship in Hajj are not of the same type, and because the order between them is dropped by both forgetting and intention. Therefore, the analogy does not hold. So we take it from the generality of His saying: [Al-Baqarah 2:286].
Second is fear. Look at the additions. This phrase, "fearing the exit of the time of the current prayer," how many additions are there? "Fearing" is an addition, "exit" is an addition, "exit" is an addition? "Time" is an addition, "time" is an addition, and "choice" is an addition, "choice" is an addition, and "current" is an addition. How many is that? Five. Yes, the thing to which it is added. Yes, correct. Now, okay, it does not contradict. One "fearing," two "exit," three "time," four "choice." Correct, four additions.
In rhetoric, they say that this is outside the scope of eloquence due to the many additions. But we say if the meaning is not clear except by that, then it is not outside the scope of eloquence. It is true that the author could have rephrased it to say: "and if it exits" "and if he fears that the time of the chosen current prayer will exit". Can he express it this way? Yes, he can. "and if he fears that the time of the chosen current prayer will exit". This is possible. No, but this does not have additions.
In any case, the meaning is that if he fears that the time of the current prayer will exit, then the order is dropped. And if he fears that the entire time will exit, it is even more so. And we do not have a time of dire necessity, according to the stronger position, except in the case of the afternoon prayer. Because it has been established for us that the time for the night prayer ends at the middle of the night. As for the one who makes it end with the appearance of the dawn, he makes the time between the middle of the night and the appearance of the dawn a time of dire necessity.
In any case, this is a man who mentioned that he has a missed prayer, and what remains until the shadow of everything becomes its double is not enough for the missed prayer and the current one. What do we say? We say: prioritize the current one.
And a man delayed and mentioned a missed prayer, and what remains until the rising of the sun is not enough for the missed prayer and the dawn prayer. We say: prioritize the current one, which is the dawn. Why? Because if you delay it, it would necessitate that both prayers be made up. And if you prioritize the current one, the made-up one becomes a make-up and the current one becomes a performance, and you performed it in the time in which Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) commanded it to be performed. Do you understand? So this is the reason for the obligation of prioritizing the current one. The reason for its obligation is that Allah made it obligatory that this current prayer be prayed... in its time. So if you prayed another one, you took it out of its time.
Second, if you prioritize the missed one, you do not benefit from anything, but you are harmed. Because if you prioritize the missed one, both prayers become make-ups. And if you start with the current one, the current one becomes a performance and the second one becomes a make-up, and this is preferable without a doubt.
Okay, is it dropped by anything else? We say yes, it is dropped by what cannot be made up individually, such as the Friday prayer. So if a man remembers that he has a missed prayer after the Friday prayer has been established, and he is unable to make it up and catch the Friday prayer, he starts with the Friday prayer. Because the loss of the Friday prayer is like the loss of the time. The loss of the Friday congregation is like the loss of the time, because if the congregation is lost for you, the Friday prayer is lost for you. It is not possible to pray the Friday prayer after the congregation in it has been lost. This is three.
First is forgetting. So if a person has five obligatory prayers to make up, starting from the midday prayer, and he forgets and starts with the dawn prayer, even though it is the last one, we say his making up is valid because he forgot. If he started with the afternoon prayer before the midday prayer out of forgetfulness, the making up is valid because it is dropped by forgetting. What is the evidence? The evidence is the generality of the saying of Allah the Exalted:
Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have forgotten or erred.
ربنا لا تؤاخذنا إن نسينا أو أخطأناThere is no harm.
لا حرجOur Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have forgotten or erred.
ربنا لا تؤاخذنا إن نسينا أو أخطأناSecond is fear. Look at the additions. This phrase, "fearing the exit of the time of the current prayer," how many additions are there? "Fearing" is an addition, "exit" is an addition, "exit" is an addition? "Time" is an addition, "time" is an addition, and "choice" is an addition, "choice" is an addition, and "current" is an addition. How many is that? Five. Yes, the thing to which it is added. Yes, correct. Now, okay, it does not contradict. One "fearing," two "exit," three "time," four "choice." Correct, four additions.
In rhetoric, they say that this is outside the scope of eloquence due to the many additions. But we say if the meaning is not clear except by that, then it is not outside the scope of eloquence. It is true that the author could have rephrased it to say: "and if it exits" "and if he fears that the time of the chosen current prayer will exit". Can he express it this way? Yes, he can. "and if he fears that the time of the chosen current prayer will exit". This is possible. No, but this does not have additions.
In any case, the meaning is that if he fears that the time of the current prayer will exit, then the order is dropped. And if he fears that the entire time will exit, it is even more so. And we do not have a time of dire necessity, according to the stronger position, except in the case of the afternoon prayer. Because it has been established for us that the time for the night prayer ends at the middle of the night. As for the one who makes it end with the appearance of the dawn, he makes the time between the middle of the night and the appearance of the dawn a time of dire necessity.
In any case, this is a man who mentioned that he has a missed prayer, and what remains until the shadow of everything becomes its double is not enough for the missed prayer and the current one. What do we say? We say: prioritize the current one.
And a man delayed and mentioned a missed prayer, and what remains until the rising of the sun is not enough for the missed prayer and the dawn prayer. We say: prioritize the current one, which is the dawn. Why? Because if you delay it, it would necessitate that both prayers be made up. And if you prioritize the current one, the made-up one becomes a make-up and the current one becomes a performance, and you performed it in the time in which Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) commanded it to be performed. Do you understand? So this is the reason for the obligation of prioritizing the current one. The reason for its obligation is that Allah made it obligatory that this current prayer be prayed... in its time. So if you prayed another one, you took it out of its time.
Second, if you prioritize the missed one, you do not benefit from anything, but you are harmed. Because if you prioritize the missed one, both prayers become make-ups. And if you start with the current one, the current one becomes a performance and the second one becomes a make-up, and this is preferable without a doubt.
Okay, is it dropped by anything else? We say yes, it is dropped by what cannot be made up individually, such as the Friday prayer. So if a man remembers that he has a missed prayer after the Friday prayer has been established, and he is unable to make it up and catch the Friday prayer, he starts with the Friday prayer. Because the loss of the Friday prayer is like the loss of the time. The loss of the Friday congregation is like the loss of the time, because if the congregation is lost for you, the Friday prayer is lost for you. It is not possible to pray the Friday prayer after the congregation in it has been lost. This is three.