Explanation of the author's statement: "In things other than the tenth-rate produce, except for the offspring of grazing livestock and the profit of trade, even if it does not reach the nisab. If their hawl is the hawl of their principal, provided it is a nisab, otherwise..."
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The Shaykh : The author stated that three things, or more, are excluded from the hawl. He said, "In things other than the tenth-rate produce", meaning by this what comes from the earth. It is called "tenth-rate" because the tenth or half of it is obligatory in it. Therefore, for grains and fruits, the completion of the hawl is not required. Thus, a person plants the land, and the crop matures in how long? In four months or six months, and zakah is obligatory in it even though a year has not passed for him. Likewise, he says, "the offspring of grazing livestock". The offspring of grazing livestock also do not require the completion of the hawl. An example of this is a man who has forty sheep in which zakah is due, is that not so?
The audience : Yes.
The Shaykh : Okay, these forty gave birth in half the hawl to two and three, making three offspring or more, three and four in half the hawl. How much is due in them? If they gave birth to three and there are forty, they become one hundred and twenty. Let one have given birth to four, making one hundred and twenty-one. How much is in one hundred and twenty-one?
The attendees: Two sheep.
The Shaykh : Two sheep. So, two sheep are due in them, even though the increase has not completed its hawl, but it is a follower. The third is "and the profit of trade", which also does not require the completion of the hawl, but it is a follower of the capital. If we estimate that a person bought land for one hundred thousand, and before the completion of the year it became worth two hundred, how much does he pay zakah on?
The attendees: ...
The Shaykh : Two hundred, even though the second hundred has not completed its hawl, but it is the profit of the first hundred, so it follows the principal. How many are these? Three things: the tenth-rate produce, the second is the offspring of grazing livestock, and the third is the profit of trade.
The fourth is the rikaz. The rikaz is what is found from the burial of the pre-Islamic age of ignorance. In this, a fifth is due upon its mere discovery. As soon as you find it, a fifth is due, and it is zakah according to the well-known view of the school of thought, and it was said that it is fay', and its mention will come, if Allah wills.
The fifth is the mine. If a person stumbles upon a gold or silver mine and extracts a nisab from it, it is obligatory to pay its zakah immediately before the hawl is completed for it. These are five things in which the completion of the hawl is not required.
The first is the tenth-rate produce, the second is the offspring of grazing livestock, the third is the profit of trade, the fourth is the rikaz, and the fifth is the mine. The hawl is not required for these, and the evidence is clear. As for the first, the tenth-rate produce, it is due to the saying of Allah the Exalted:[Al-An'am 6:141] whether a year has passed for it or not. As for the offspring of grazing livestock, it is because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to send collectors to take the zakah of grazing livestock, and among them were young and old, and he did not ask their owners for details, saying, "When was this one born?" Rather, they calculated it based on the number of heads, then they paid its zakah. As for the profit of trade, it is likewise, because the Muslims pay zakah when the time for its payment arrives without deducting the profit from it, and because the profit is a branch, and the branch follows the principal.
As for the rikaz, it is due to the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): and he did not say "after the hawl." And because its discovery is similar to obtaining fruits, and zakah is obligatory in fruits from the time of obtaining them, i.e., the harvest, so it is similar to them. As for the mine, it is most similar to fruits among the others, so its zakah is paid from the time he finds it. Likewise, honey, I add to that, if we say that zakah is obligatory in it. Yes, okay. The fifth is the passage of the hawl in things other than the tenth-rate produce, except for the offspring of grazing livestock and the profit of trade, even if it does not reach the nisab. If their hawl is the hawl of their principal, provided it is a nisab, otherwise from...
So, if a person has thirty-five sheep in which there is no zakah, because the nisab is forty, at least, and during the hawl each of them gave birth to a lamb, when do we calculate the hawl? From the completion of the nisab... We mentioned how much? Thirty-five sheep. So, if five of them gave birth to lambs, from the time the five give birth to the lambs, the nisab is completed, and the hawl begins. Therefore, he said, "and otherwise from its completion". Okay, if a man traded with one hundred thousand riyals, and during the hawl he made a profit of fifty thousand, do we pay zakah on the fifty when the hawl of the hundred is completed, or when the hawl of the profit is completed?
The questioner : The first.
The Shaykh : The first. Okay, another example. A man has one hundred thousand, and during the hawl he inherited fifty thousand from a relative. Do we pay zakah on the fifty thousand with the hundred, or when its hawl is completed? When its hawl is completed. If someone asks, "What is the difference?" We say the difference is because the profit, yes, is a branch of the capital, so it follows it in the hawl. As for inheritance, it is the beginning of ownership, so its hawl is considered by itself. Okay, if a person has dirhams less than the nisab, and during the hawl a relative of his died and he inherited fifty thousand from him, does the hawl begin from the ownership of the fifty thousand in the fifty and the previous dirhams, or does the hawl begin in the previous dirhams from the time of their ownership, and in the fifty from the time of its ownership?
The attendees: The first.
The Shaykh : The first, because the first dirhams are less than the nisab, so there is no zakah in them. But when the nisab was completed by the inheritance of the fifty, the first was added to the second, and the hawl became one. Pay attention, everyone, because this may be confusing for some people. They think that when we complete the nisab, we build upon the hawl of what is less than the nisab, and that is not the case. Rather, the hawl begins from the completion of the nisab. The hawl begins from the completion of the nisab. Okay.
The conditions are now five: freedom, Islam, ownership of the nisab, stability of ownership, and the passage of the hawl, except in five things: the tenth-rate produce, the profit of trade, the offspring of grazing livestock, the rikaz, the mine, and honey according to the opinion that zakah is obligatory in it.
The audience : Yes.
The Shaykh : Okay, these forty gave birth in half the hawl to two and three, making three offspring or more, three and four in half the hawl. How much is due in them? If they gave birth to three and there are forty, they become one hundred and twenty. Let one have given birth to four, making one hundred and twenty-one. How much is in one hundred and twenty-one?
The attendees: Two sheep.
The Shaykh : Two sheep. So, two sheep are due in them, even though the increase has not completed its hawl, but it is a follower. The third is "and the profit of trade", which also does not require the completion of the hawl, but it is a follower of the capital. If we estimate that a person bought land for one hundred thousand, and before the completion of the year it became worth two hundred, how much does he pay zakah on?
The attendees: ...
The Shaykh : Two hundred, even though the second hundred has not completed its hawl, but it is the profit of the first hundred, so it follows the principal. How many are these? Three things: the tenth-rate produce, the second is the offspring of grazing livestock, and the third is the profit of trade.
The fourth is the rikaz. The rikaz is what is found from the burial of the pre-Islamic age of ignorance. In this, a fifth is due upon its mere discovery. As soon as you find it, a fifth is due, and it is zakah according to the well-known view of the school of thought, and it was said that it is fay', and its mention will come, if Allah wills.
The fifth is the mine. If a person stumbles upon a gold or silver mine and extracts a nisab from it, it is obligatory to pay its zakah immediately before the hawl is completed for it. These are five things in which the completion of the hawl is not required.
The first is the tenth-rate produce, the second is the offspring of grazing livestock, the third is the profit of trade, the fourth is the rikaz, and the fifth is the mine. The hawl is not required for these, and the evidence is clear. As for the first, the tenth-rate produce, it is due to the saying of Allah the Exalted:
give its due [zakah] on the day of its harvest
وءاتوا حقّه يوم حصادهAs for the rikaz, it is due to the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):
In the rikaz, a fifth is due
في الركاز الخمسSo, if a person has thirty-five sheep in which there is no zakah, because the nisab is forty, at least, and during the hawl each of them gave birth to a lamb, when do we calculate the hawl? From the completion of the nisab... We mentioned how much? Thirty-five sheep. So, if five of them gave birth to lambs, from the time the five give birth to the lambs, the nisab is completed, and the hawl begins. Therefore, he said, "and otherwise from its completion". Okay, if a man traded with one hundred thousand riyals, and during the hawl he made a profit of fifty thousand, do we pay zakah on the fifty when the hawl of the hundred is completed, or when the hawl of the profit is completed?
The questioner : The first.
The Shaykh : The first. Okay, another example. A man has one hundred thousand, and during the hawl he inherited fifty thousand from a relative. Do we pay zakah on the fifty thousand with the hundred, or when its hawl is completed? When its hawl is completed. If someone asks, "What is the difference?" We say the difference is because the profit, yes, is a branch of the capital, so it follows it in the hawl. As for inheritance, it is the beginning of ownership, so its hawl is considered by itself. Okay, if a person has dirhams less than the nisab, and during the hawl a relative of his died and he inherited fifty thousand from him, does the hawl begin from the ownership of the fifty thousand in the fifty and the previous dirhams, or does the hawl begin in the previous dirhams from the time of their ownership, and in the fifty from the time of its ownership?
The attendees: The first.
The Shaykh : The first, because the first dirhams are less than the nisab, so there is no zakah in them. But when the nisab was completed by the inheritance of the fifty, the first was added to the second, and the hawl became one. Pay attention, everyone, because this may be confusing for some people. They think that when we complete the nisab, we build upon the hawl of what is less than the nisab, and that is not the case. Rather, the hawl begins from the completion of the nisab. The hawl begins from the completion of the nisab. Okay.
The conditions are now five: freedom, Islam, ownership of the nisab, stability of ownership, and the passage of the hawl, except in five things: the tenth-rate produce, the profit of trade, the offspring of grazing livestock, the rikaz, the mine, and honey according to the opinion that zakah is obligatory in it.