Explanation of the author's statement: "Chapter: The sale is not valid from one upon whom the Friday prayer is obligatory after its second call."
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The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and his Companions, and upon those who follow them with excellence until the Day of Judgment. As for what follows:
When the author (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned the conditions for the validity of a sale, he then mentioned the impediments to a sale. He did this because things are not completed unless the conditions are present and the impediments are absent. If the conditions are met but the impediments are not removed, the act of worship or the transaction is not valid. Likewise, if the impediments are absent but the conditions are not met, it is not valid. Do you not see that a man may be the father of a person or his son, and he would inherit from him, but if there is an impediment to inheritance present in him, he does not inherit, because a thing is not completed unless its conditions are present and its impediments are absent. The author mentioned in this chapter what prevents the validity of a sale despite the completion of the conditions, and he said: "And the sale is not valid", meaning the purchase is not valid either, "from one upon whom the Friday prayer is obligatory after its second call". His statement: "And the sale and purchase are not valid from one upon whom the Friday prayer is obligatory" is a precaution against one upon whom it is not obligatory, because one upon whom the Friday prayer is not obligatory is not required to hasten to it. And if he is not required to hasten to it, then selling and buying become lawful for him. The one from whom the sale is not valid is the one to whom the address is directed in the statement of Allah the Exalted:[Al-Jumu'ah 62:9], where He commands hastening to the remembrance of Allah, which is the sermon and the prayer. The meaning of "hastening" here is merely setting out, and it does not mean the "hastening" that is running, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade hurrying in those who come to the prayer. He said: . We said that the sale and purchase are not valid. Would not someone say that selling and buying are interdependent? We said that his meaning by "purchase" here is the acceptance, because the seller may offer the sale and say, "I sold this to you for ten," and then the mu'adhdhin says, "Allahu Akbar," and the second person says, "I accepted." What occurred after the call? The purchase. And it is known that there is no sale without a purchase, and no purchase without a sale, but the acceptance may occur after the call and the offer before the call, so we say that the sale is not valid.
And his statement: "from one upon whom the Friday prayer is obligatory" necessitates that we return to the conditions for the obligation of the Friday prayer. Where is this mentioned? In the chapter of acts of worship in the book of prayer. And his statement: "after its second call", the author (may Allah have mercy on him) informed us that the Friday prayer has two calls, a first and a second. As for the second, it is the one that existed in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when the imam arrives and the mu'adhdhin calls the adhan. As for what came before that, this only occurred in the time of the Commander of the Faithful, 'Uthman ibn 'Affan (may Allah be pleased with him), when Madinah expanded and people were far away, so two calls were made for the Friday prayer so that people could prepare for attendance, enabling them to be present when the imam arrives.
When the author (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned the conditions for the validity of a sale, he then mentioned the impediments to a sale. He did this because things are not completed unless the conditions are present and the impediments are absent. If the conditions are met but the impediments are not removed, the act of worship or the transaction is not valid. Likewise, if the impediments are absent but the conditions are not met, it is not valid. Do you not see that a man may be the father of a person or his son, and he would inherit from him, but if there is an impediment to inheritance present in him, he does not inherit, because a thing is not completed unless its conditions are present and its impediments are absent. The author mentioned in this chapter what prevents the validity of a sale despite the completion of the conditions, and he said: "And the sale is not valid", meaning the purchase is not valid either, "from one upon whom the Friday prayer is obligatory after its second call". His statement: "And the sale and purchase are not valid from one upon whom the Friday prayer is obligatory" is a precaution against one upon whom it is not obligatory, because one upon whom the Friday prayer is not obligatory is not required to hasten to it. And if he is not required to hasten to it, then selling and buying become lawful for him. The one from whom the sale is not valid is the one to whom the address is directed in the statement of Allah the Exalted:
O you who have believed, when [the adhan] is called for the prayer on the day of Jumu'ah [Friday], then proceed to the remembrance of Allah
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءامَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِDo not hurry
لا تسرعواAnd his statement: "from one upon whom the Friday prayer is obligatory" necessitates that we return to the conditions for the obligation of the Friday prayer. Where is this mentioned? In the chapter of acts of worship in the book of prayer. And his statement: "after its second call", the author (may Allah have mercy on him) informed us that the Friday prayer has two calls, a first and a second. As for the second, it is the one that existed in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when the imam arrives and the mu'adhdhin calls the adhan. As for what came before that, this only occurred in the time of the Commander of the Faithful, 'Uthman ibn 'Affan (may Allah be pleased with him), when Madinah expanded and people were far away, so two calls were made for the Friday prayer so that people could prepare for attendance, enabling them to be present when the imam arrives.