Explanation of the author's (may Allah have mercy on him) statement: " . . .
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The Shaykh : The author (may Allah have mercy on him) says: "So for nouns, of these: there is nominative, accusative, and genitive, and there is no jussive in them; and for verbs, of these there is nominative, accusative, and jussive, and there is no genitive in them". Nouns and verbs share two of the four categories, which are nominative and accusative. Nouns are distinguished by genitive, and verbs by jussive. Now, let us give an example containing nominative and accusative in the verb and the particle. You say: "The man stands." The man stands. The brother. And what is the example?
The student: I did not understand the question.
The Shaykh : What is the example you brought? The example you used as an illustration, come on.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Did you daydream? Okay, "The man stands." What is "the man"?
The student : A name
The Shaykh : Is it a noun in the nominative case or not?
The student: It is raised.
The Shaykh : Okay, he says...
The student: A verb.
The Shaykh : Is it a verb in the nominative case or not?
The student: Nominative.
The Shaykh : Okay, so they share in the nominative. And you say: "We will not honor the negligent one." We will not honor the negligent one. Is "honor" a verb in the accusative case or not? Accusative. Is "the negligent one" a noun in the accusative case, yes or no? Okay, you say: "Do not look at the negligent one." Do not look at the negligent one. "Look" is a verb in the jussive case. "The negligent one" is a noun in the genitive case. A noun in the genitive case. "The negligent one" means a preposition entered it. Okay, the genitive is specific to nouns, and the jussive is specific to verbs.
The summary of today's lesson is that the categories of inflection are four: nominative, accusative, genitive, and jussive. And that nouns and verbs share in the nominative and accusative, and nouns are distinguished by the genitive, with no jussive in them, and verbs are distinguished by the jussive, with no genitive in them.
Do particles fall into these categories?
The student: They do not fall into them.
The Shaykh : They do not fall into them, they do not fall into them, because they do not change. Do built nouns fall into them? They do not fall into them, because a built word does not change. Do built verbs fall into them? Built verbs? They do not fall into them, because built verbs do not change. Therefore, only inflected nouns and verbs fall into them. For this reason, we say: Inflection is the changing of the ends of words due to the difference of the factors that affect them, whether in expression or in estimation.
The student: I did not understand the question.
The Shaykh : What is the example you brought? The example you used as an illustration, come on.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Did you daydream? Okay, "The man stands." What is "the man"?
The student : A name
The Shaykh : Is it a noun in the nominative case or not?
The student: It is raised.
The Shaykh : Okay, he says...
The student: A verb.
The Shaykh : Is it a verb in the nominative case or not?
The student: Nominative.
The Shaykh : Okay, so they share in the nominative. And you say: "We will not honor the negligent one." We will not honor the negligent one. Is "honor" a verb in the accusative case or not? Accusative. Is "the negligent one" a noun in the accusative case, yes or no? Okay, you say: "Do not look at the negligent one." Do not look at the negligent one. "Look" is a verb in the jussive case. "The negligent one" is a noun in the genitive case. A noun in the genitive case. "The negligent one" means a preposition entered it. Okay, the genitive is specific to nouns, and the jussive is specific to verbs.
The summary of today's lesson is that the categories of inflection are four: nominative, accusative, genitive, and jussive. And that nouns and verbs share in the nominative and accusative, and nouns are distinguished by the genitive, with no jussive in them, and verbs are distinguished by the jussive, with no genitive in them.
Do particles fall into these categories?
The student: They do not fall into them.
The Shaykh : They do not fall into them, they do not fall into them, because they do not change. Do built nouns fall into them? They do not fall into them, because a built word does not change. Do built verbs fall into them? Built verbs? They do not fall into them, because built verbs do not change. Therefore, only inflected nouns and verbs fall into them. For this reason, we say: Inflection is the changing of the ends of words due to the difference of the factors that affect them, whether in expression or in estimation.