Discussion of Verbs
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The Shaykh : The first question: Why is it called "The Chapter of Verbs," and why did he say "the verb" at the beginning of the book?
The student: The Chapter of Verbs...
The Shaykh : Yes, meaning the types of verbs. As for the first one, it is the genus of the verb. Good. What is the reason for the verbs being limited to three? What is the reason for the verbs being limited to three? Khalid, no, no, the reason for their limitation to three?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Perfect, correct. And verbs occur... in times. Every verb has a time: either past, or present, or future. This is the reason for the limitation. Also, as Khalid said, the speech of the Arabs, all their speech, the verbs in it do not go beyond these three. The past is what indicates...
The student: What indicates an action associated with the past time.
The Shaykh : What indicates a past time by its form. Good. The present tense...
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : And the imperative. The imperative, Ahmad.
The student: What indicates...
The Shaykh : Good, something in the future, an event in the future. Good.
The ruling on the past tense: is it built (mabni) or inflected (mu'rab)? Yes, good. Abdullah, on what? Is nothing excepted? According to the author's statement. Good.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Which of these has no exception?
The student: It has no exception.
The Shaykh : It has no exception. Good. What do you say about "daraboo" (they struck)? "Daraboo": "darab" is a past tense verb, and its end is not open (fathah); the ba is closed (dammah).
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, but according to the author's statement.
The student: According to the author's statement...
The Shaykh : Good, what does he say about "daraboo"?
The student: About "daraboo".
The Shaykh : Yes, I do.
The student: He says "darab" is an imperative verb, and "daraboo" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : Good, now is it closed (dammah) or open (fathah)?
The student: Now.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Estimated (muqaddarah).
The Shaykh : My brother, in "daraboo," is the ba closed (dammah) or open (fathah)?
The student: "Daraboo" is closed (dammah).
The Shaykh : The author says: The past tense is always open at the end. The author says: Always open at the end. According to the author's statement, we consider the fathah to be estimated (muqaddarah). Did you understand or not? So we say: "Darab" is a past tense verb built on an estimated fathah at its end. Did you get it? Good. Is there another opinion differing from the author's statement? Yes?
The student: I.
The Shaykh : What do you mean, you?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Built on the dammah, excepted, meaning.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Perfect, something else is excepted.
The student: Yes, exactly.
The Shaykh : What is it?
The student: "Daraboo" and "darabna".
The Shaykh : And "darabna," meaning we. Meaning, if a moving nominative pronoun is attached to it, it is built on what?
The student: On the damma.
The Shaykh : No, "darabna." Yes, yes, here.
The student: It is built on sukoon (quiescence).
The Shaykh : It is built on sukoon. Well done. Perfect. We mentioned yesterday an example: if we say "Akramna" (we honored), what is it? "The man" (al-rajula) and "Akramana" (we were honored by the man). There is a great difference between them, and the writing is the same. The writing is the same, but the pronunciation differs, and with the difference in pronunciation, the meaning differs. If we say "Akramna al-rajula," if we say "Akramna," how do we pronounce "al-rajul"? "Akramna," how do we pronounce "al-rajul"?
The student: "Akramna al-rajula."
The Shaykh : "Al-rajula."
The student: "Akramna al-rajula."
The Shaykh : And if we say "Akramana."
The student: "Akramana al-rajulu."
The Shaykh : "Al-rajulu," correct? Good. Why is the verb in "Akramana" built on fathah, and in "Akramna" built on sukoon? Naazim.
The student: It is built on sukoon because it is attached to a moving nominative pronoun... and it is built on fathah.
The Shaykh : Because the pronoun attached to it is a pronoun of what? A pronoun of what?
The student: ... Object (maf'ool bihi).
The Shaykh : Object, an accusative pronoun. Good, well done. Let us take the grammatical analysis (i'rab) of the analysis. Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Baqarah 2:253] "Fadadna" (We favored). Analyze it.
The student: I.
The Shaykh : What, yes, "Fadadna."
The student: "Fadadna" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : "Fadad" is a past tense verb.
The student: Built on the nominative, its sign of nominative is...
The Shaykh : No, my Shaykh, no, in your life you never say that the past tense is nominative.
The student: Built with alif.
The Shaykh : No, you have not read grammar before. You need to read. Good.
The student: "Fadadna."
The Shaykh : No,[Al-Baqarah 2:253] "Fadadna." Analyze "Fadadna."
The student: "Fadad" is a past tense verb built on fathah.
The Shaykh : Fathah, "Fadadna."
The student: Built on sukoon.
The Shaykh : Yes, why?
The student: Because it is attached...
The Shaykh : To a pronoun of what?
The student: The nominative.
The Shaykh : What?
The student: The moving one.
The Shaykh : The moving one. Well done. And "na," if you wish, leave it because its time has not come yet. Good, the brother. "Akramana Zaydun" (Zayd honored us). "Akramana Zaydun."
The student: "Akramana" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : "Akramana" all together.
The student: "Akram" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : Fine.
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : Built.
The student: On fathah.
The Shaykh : Why is it built on fathah when there is a pronoun after it?
The student: Because it is not attached to a pronoun.
The Shaykh : Except "na."
The student: "Akramana al-rajul"...
The Shaykh : Meaning, therefore, because the pronoun is not a nominative pronoun, it is an accusative pronoun. And we say it is built on sukoon if it is attached to what?
The student: A moving nominative pronoun.
The Shaykh : A moving nominative pronoun. Good. Analyze "Akram": past tense verb built on fathah, and "na."
The student: In the position of the subject (fa'il).
The Shaykh : How is it in the position of the subject when you say it is a nominative pronoun? If it were in the position of the subject, it would be a nominative pronoun.
The student: ... First person plural pronoun, "Akramana."
The Shaykh : What, but it is an object. Good, come on, brother. "Al-rajulani qama" (The two men stood up). "Qama." Analyze it.
The student: "Qama."
The Shaykh : No, analyze... it does not contradict, because "al-rajulani" passed us by.
The student: "Al-rajulani" is a nominative subject (mubtada'), its sign of nominative is the alif of the dual.
The Shaykh : The alif in place of...
The student: ... The kasrah.
The Shaykh : No, the nominative.
The student: The dammah.
The Shaykh : What, yes, because it is "al-rajulani."
The student: Because it is a dual.
The Shaykh : Good, and the noon is in place of the tanween. In place. Read.
The student: In place of the tanween.
The Shaykh : In the singular noun, in place of the tanween in the singular noun. Good. "Qama."
The student: "Qama" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : Built.
The student: Built on fathah.
The Shaykh : On fathah, and the alif is the subject.
The student: And the alif is the subject.
The Shaykh : Good, why is the verb here built on fathah even though it is attached to a pronoun? "Qama," the alif is a pronoun.
The student: ... It is not a moving nominative pronoun.
The Shaykh : Rather, it is static, or not?
The student: Because it is static.
The Shaykh : Rather, it is static because the alif is static. Perfect. Do we take more grammatical analysis, or is it enough? Answer, people.
The student: We take grammatical analysis.
The Shaykh : We take grammatical analysis? I don't need anything... Good, there is no harm.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Ah.
The student: ... Some of them are sleeping, they have no need.
The Shaykh : Correct, correct, really. But the one who has no need benefits. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Meaning one after another.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What, meaning one after another.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, it doesn't work for us.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, yes, here. "Qamna" (We stood up), we all, like this? "Qumti" you say to a woman.
The important thing is, if a moving nominative pronoun is attached to it, it is built on what? On sukoon.
The student: The Chapter of Verbs...
The Shaykh : Yes, meaning the types of verbs. As for the first one, it is the genus of the verb. Good. What is the reason for the verbs being limited to three? What is the reason for the verbs being limited to three? Khalid, no, no, the reason for their limitation to three?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Perfect, correct. And verbs occur... in times. Every verb has a time: either past, or present, or future. This is the reason for the limitation. Also, as Khalid said, the speech of the Arabs, all their speech, the verbs in it do not go beyond these three. The past is what indicates...
The student: What indicates an action associated with the past time.
The Shaykh : What indicates a past time by its form. Good. The present tense...
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : And the imperative. The imperative, Ahmad.
The student: What indicates...
The Shaykh : Good, something in the future, an event in the future. Good.
The ruling on the past tense: is it built (mabni) or inflected (mu'rab)? Yes, good. Abdullah, on what? Is nothing excepted? According to the author's statement. Good.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Which of these has no exception?
The student: It has no exception.
The Shaykh : It has no exception. Good. What do you say about "daraboo" (they struck)? "Daraboo": "darab" is a past tense verb, and its end is not open (fathah); the ba is closed (dammah).
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, but according to the author's statement.
The student: According to the author's statement...
The Shaykh : Good, what does he say about "daraboo"?
The student: About "daraboo".
The Shaykh : Yes, I do.
The student: He says "darab" is an imperative verb, and "daraboo" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : Good, now is it closed (dammah) or open (fathah)?
The student: Now.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Estimated (muqaddarah).
The Shaykh : My brother, in "daraboo," is the ba closed (dammah) or open (fathah)?
The student: "Daraboo" is closed (dammah).
The Shaykh : The author says: The past tense is always open at the end. The author says: Always open at the end. According to the author's statement, we consider the fathah to be estimated (muqaddarah). Did you understand or not? So we say: "Darab" is a past tense verb built on an estimated fathah at its end. Did you get it? Good. Is there another opinion differing from the author's statement? Yes?
The student: I.
The Shaykh : What do you mean, you?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Built on the dammah, excepted, meaning.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Perfect, something else is excepted.
The student: Yes, exactly.
The Shaykh : What is it?
The student: "Daraboo" and "darabna".
The Shaykh : And "darabna," meaning we. Meaning, if a moving nominative pronoun is attached to it, it is built on what?
The student: On the damma.
The Shaykh : No, "darabna." Yes, yes, here.
The student: It is built on sukoon (quiescence).
The Shaykh : It is built on sukoon. Well done. Perfect. We mentioned yesterday an example: if we say "Akramna" (we honored), what is it? "The man" (al-rajula) and "Akramana" (we were honored by the man). There is a great difference between them, and the writing is the same. The writing is the same, but the pronunciation differs, and with the difference in pronunciation, the meaning differs. If we say "Akramna al-rajula," if we say "Akramna," how do we pronounce "al-rajul"? "Akramna," how do we pronounce "al-rajul"?
The student: "Akramna al-rajula."
The Shaykh : "Al-rajula."
The student: "Akramna al-rajula."
The Shaykh : And if we say "Akramana."
The student: "Akramana al-rajulu."
The Shaykh : "Al-rajulu," correct? Good. Why is the verb in "Akramana" built on fathah, and in "Akramna" built on sukoon? Naazim.
The student: It is built on sukoon because it is attached to a moving nominative pronoun... and it is built on fathah.
The Shaykh : Because the pronoun attached to it is a pronoun of what? A pronoun of what?
The student: ... Object (maf'ool bihi).
The Shaykh : Object, an accusative pronoun. Good, well done. Let us take the grammatical analysis (i'rab) of the analysis. Allah the Exalted said:
Those messengers - some of them We caused
تلك الرسل فضلناThe student: I.
The Shaykh : What, yes, "Fadadna."
The student: "Fadadna" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : "Fadad" is a past tense verb.
The student: Built on the nominative, its sign of nominative is...
The Shaykh : No, my Shaykh, no, in your life you never say that the past tense is nominative.
The student: Built with alif.
The Shaykh : No, you have not read grammar before. You need to read. Good.
The student: "Fadadna."
The Shaykh : No,
Those messengers - some of them We caused
تلك الرسل فضلْناThe student: "Fadad" is a past tense verb built on fathah.
The Shaykh : Fathah, "Fadadna."
The student: Built on sukoon.
The Shaykh : Yes, why?
The student: Because it is attached...
The Shaykh : To a pronoun of what?
The student: The nominative.
The Shaykh : What?
The student: The moving one.
The Shaykh : The moving one. Well done. And "na," if you wish, leave it because its time has not come yet. Good, the brother. "Akramana Zaydun" (Zayd honored us). "Akramana Zaydun."
The student: "Akramana" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : "Akramana" all together.
The student: "Akram" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : Fine.
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : Built.
The student: On fathah.
The Shaykh : Why is it built on fathah when there is a pronoun after it?
The student: Because it is not attached to a pronoun.
The Shaykh : Except "na."
The student: "Akramana al-rajul"...
The Shaykh : Meaning, therefore, because the pronoun is not a nominative pronoun, it is an accusative pronoun. And we say it is built on sukoon if it is attached to what?
The student: A moving nominative pronoun.
The Shaykh : A moving nominative pronoun. Good. Analyze "Akram": past tense verb built on fathah, and "na."
The student: In the position of the subject (fa'il).
The Shaykh : How is it in the position of the subject when you say it is a nominative pronoun? If it were in the position of the subject, it would be a nominative pronoun.
The student: ... First person plural pronoun, "Akramana."
The Shaykh : What, but it is an object. Good, come on, brother. "Al-rajulani qama" (The two men stood up). "Qama." Analyze it.
The student: "Qama."
The Shaykh : No, analyze... it does not contradict, because "al-rajulani" passed us by.
The student: "Al-rajulani" is a nominative subject (mubtada'), its sign of nominative is the alif of the dual.
The Shaykh : The alif in place of...
The student: ... The kasrah.
The Shaykh : No, the nominative.
The student: The dammah.
The Shaykh : What, yes, because it is "al-rajulani."
The student: Because it is a dual.
The Shaykh : Good, and the noon is in place of the tanween. In place. Read.
The student: In place of the tanween.
The Shaykh : In the singular noun, in place of the tanween in the singular noun. Good. "Qama."
The student: "Qama" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : Built.
The student: Built on fathah.
The Shaykh : On fathah, and the alif is the subject.
The student: And the alif is the subject.
The Shaykh : Good, why is the verb here built on fathah even though it is attached to a pronoun? "Qama," the alif is a pronoun.
The student: ... It is not a moving nominative pronoun.
The Shaykh : Rather, it is static, or not?
The student: Because it is static.
The Shaykh : Rather, it is static because the alif is static. Perfect. Do we take more grammatical analysis, or is it enough? Answer, people.
The student: We take grammatical analysis.
The Shaykh : We take grammatical analysis? I don't need anything... Good, there is no harm.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Ah.
The student: ... Some of them are sleeping, they have no need.
The Shaykh : Correct, correct, really. But the one who has no need benefits. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Meaning one after another.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What, meaning one after another.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, it doesn't work for us.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, yes, here. "Qamna" (We stood up), we all, like this? "Qumti" you say to a woman.
The important thing is, if a moving nominative pronoun is attached to it, it is built on what? On sukoon.