Discussion on the categories of inflection
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The Shaykh : Allah the Exalted said about Himself: [Al-Ikhlas 112:3] What are the categories of inflection in the two verbs?
The student: Jazm (oblique case).
The Shaykh : Jazm[Al-Ikhlas 112:3] Correct. Now, does jazm apply to nouns? No, it does not. If someone were to say, "O Khalid, he did not beget,"
The student: It is not valid because it is preceded by a particle of jazm.
The Shaykh : It is not valid because it is preceded by a particle of jazm, which is "lam," so it must be in the jazm case, is that right? Well done. May Allah give you knowledge. The time is up.
Muhammad and his family and all his Companions. How many categories of inflection are there?
The student: The categories of inflection
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Four.
The Shaykh : Four. What are they?
The student: Rafe' (nominative), nasb (accusative), khafdh (genitive), and jazm (oblique).
The Shaykh : Now, what is the evidence that they are limited to these four categories?
The student: Induction and following the speech of the Arabs.
The Shaykh : Induction and following the speech of the Arabs, and we did not find that they go beyond these four.
Now, brother, yes, an example of a noun in the rafe' case.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Like, give an example.
The student: Muhammad went.
The Shaykh : Muhammad went. Now, an example of the nasb case.
The student: I saw Muhammad.
The Shaykh : I saw Muhammad in the nasb case. Now, the khafdh case.
The student: I passed by Muhammad.
The Shaykh : I passed by Muhammad. Now, the jazm case. An example of a noun in the jazm case. An example of a noun in the jazm case.
The student: It does not apply to a noun.
The Shaykh : It does not come in the jazm case. Now, an example of a verb in the rafe' case.
The student: Muhammad came.
The Shaykh : The verb.
The student: Zayd was present.
The Shaykh : And "Zayd was present." A verb in the rafe' case cannot be a present-tense verb. Note that all past-tense verbs are built (uninflected). A verb in the rafe' case cannot be anything but a present-tense verb.
The student: He reads.
The Shaykh : He reads. Correct, this is in the rafe' case.
The verb in the nasb case. Brother, yes.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No, you must answer. You must answer. You must answer with a particle of nasb. Say "lan." "Lan" is a particle of nasb. Say "lan." "Lan" he will not go. You must say "Lan he will not go." Now, the verb in the jazm case.
The student: He did not stand up.
The Shaykh : He did not stand up. Correct. Now, the verb in the khafdh case, O Bukhari.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : A verb in the khafdh case, meaning in the genitive case.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Ah.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : How... Note, everyone, we say: It is not possible for there to be an inflected verb other than the present-tense verb. The past tense and the imperative have no part in this matter. Now, we ask you for a verb in the khafdh case.
The student: There is no verb in the khafdh case.
The Shaykh : Ah, there is no verb in the khafdh case. Correct, because the author says: "And for verbs, from that, there is rafe' and nasb and jazm, and there is no khafdh in them" "and there is no khafdh in them". So rafe' and nasb are shared by the noun and the verb, khafdh is specific to the noun, and jazm is specific to the verb. So, when you find a word in the jazm case, it is
The student: A verb.
The Shaykh : in the khafdh case, it is a noun in the rafe' case. It may be a noun or a verb, because rafe' applies to it. In the nasb case, likewise, it may be a verb or a noun, because nasb occurs in both the noun and the verb. Now, after this chapter, the chapter on knowing the signs of inflection. Now.
He neither begets nor is born,
لم يلد ولم يولدThe student: Jazm (oblique case).
The Shaykh : Jazm
He neither begets nor is born,
لم يلد ولم يولدThe student: It is not valid because it is preceded by a particle of jazm.
The Shaykh : It is not valid because it is preceded by a particle of jazm, which is "lam," so it must be in the jazm case, is that right? Well done. May Allah give you knowledge. The time is up.
Muhammad and his family and all his Companions. How many categories of inflection are there?
The student: The categories of inflection
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Four.
The Shaykh : Four. What are they?
The student: Rafe' (nominative), nasb (accusative), khafdh (genitive), and jazm (oblique).
The Shaykh : Now, what is the evidence that they are limited to these four categories?
The student: Induction and following the speech of the Arabs.
The Shaykh : Induction and following the speech of the Arabs, and we did not find that they go beyond these four.
Now, brother, yes, an example of a noun in the rafe' case.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Like, give an example.
The student: Muhammad went.
The Shaykh : Muhammad went. Now, an example of the nasb case.
The student: I saw Muhammad.
The Shaykh : I saw Muhammad in the nasb case. Now, the khafdh case.
The student: I passed by Muhammad.
The Shaykh : I passed by Muhammad. Now, the jazm case. An example of a noun in the jazm case. An example of a noun in the jazm case.
The student: It does not apply to a noun.
The Shaykh : It does not come in the jazm case. Now, an example of a verb in the rafe' case.
The student: Muhammad came.
The Shaykh : The verb.
The student: Zayd was present.
The Shaykh : And "Zayd was present." A verb in the rafe' case cannot be a present-tense verb. Note that all past-tense verbs are built (uninflected). A verb in the rafe' case cannot be anything but a present-tense verb.
The student: He reads.
The Shaykh : He reads. Correct, this is in the rafe' case.
The verb in the nasb case. Brother, yes.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No, you must answer. You must answer. You must answer with a particle of nasb. Say "lan." "Lan" is a particle of nasb. Say "lan." "Lan" he will not go. You must say "Lan he will not go." Now, the verb in the jazm case.
The student: He did not stand up.
The Shaykh : He did not stand up. Correct. Now, the verb in the khafdh case, O Bukhari.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : A verb in the khafdh case, meaning in the genitive case.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Ah.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : How... Note, everyone, we say: It is not possible for there to be an inflected verb other than the present-tense verb. The past tense and the imperative have no part in this matter. Now, we ask you for a verb in the khafdh case.
The student: There is no verb in the khafdh case.
The Shaykh : Ah, there is no verb in the khafdh case. Correct, because the author says: "And for verbs, from that, there is rafe' and nasb and jazm, and there is no khafdh in them" "and there is no khafdh in them". So rafe' and nasb are shared by the noun and the verb, khafdh is specific to the noun, and jazm is specific to the verb. So, when you find a word in the jazm case, it is
The student: A verb.
The Shaykh : in the khafdh case, it is a noun in the rafe' case. It may be a noun or a verb, because rafe' applies to it. In the nasb case, likewise, it may be a verb or a noun, because nasb occurs in both the noun and the verb. Now, after this chapter, the chapter on knowing the signs of inflection. Now.