Explanation of the author's (may Allah have mercy on him) statement: " . . .
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : He said: " And that which is inflected by letters is of four types " What Allah wills. That which is inflected by movements is of four types, and that which is inflected by letters is of four. A fair division. What are they? He said: " The dual, the sound masculine plural, the five nouns, and the five verbs " All of these are inflected by letters. Did you understand? He said: " And they are *yif'alani*, *tuf'alani*, *yif'aluna*, *tuf'aluna*, and *tuf'alina* " These are the five verbs. But if someone asks: How do you call these five verbs? *Yadribuna* (they strike), *yaqtuluna* (they kill), *yashrabuna* (they drink), *ya'kuluna* (they eat), *yadkhuluna* (they enter), *yakhrujuna* (they exit). These are six verbs. Yes. How do you say there are only five verbs? We say: Five verbs. The five verbs are: every present-tense verb to which is attached the alif of the dual, the waw of the plural, or the ya of address. If we apply this rule, *yif'alani* and *yif'aluna* and *tuf'alani* and *tuf'alina* are all included. Every present-tense verb to which is attached the alif of the dual, the waw of the plural, or the ya of address is one of the five verbs, whether it is *yif'aluna* or *ya'kuluna* or *yashrabuna* or *yanamuna* or *yakhrujuna* or *yadkhuluna*; it is all the same. The important thing is that it is attached to the alif of the dual, the waw of the plural, or the ya of the feminine address. These are inflected by letters. He said: " As for the dual, it is raised with an alif " The dual is raised with an alif in place of the dammah. " And it is lowered and genitived with a ya " In place of the fathah and the kasrah. So you say: I passed by the two men, so I honored the two men, so the two men rewarded me. Correct. I passed by the two men, so I honored the two men, so the two men rewarded me. *Al-rajulani* or *al-rajulayn*?
The student: *Al-rajulani*.
The Shaykh : Ah, *al-rajulani*. But the case is different. Argue for it. I passed by the two men, so I honored the two men. Here. Yes. So the two men rewarded me.
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Wrong. No. Okay, so I say: The two men rewarded me. Okay. I passed by *al-rajulani*.
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Wrong, wrong, wrong. We are speaking in formal Arabic. But if a man comes and makes a mistake and says "I passed by *al-rajulani*" and becomes stubborn, we say it is wrong; it is *al-rajulayn*. He says, "No, I am following a dialect." There is no denial in matters of scholarly disagreement. We do not declare him wrong because we say, "Your language is colloquial." If your language is colloquial, you must follow what? Formal Arabic. As long as you do not have a classical language, follow formal Arabic. Okay.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Except that there is an Arabic language, but it is not the language of Quraysh. The Qur'an is different in that regard. But I told you, if you make a mistake before someone and argue that it is a dialect, that may be an excuse for you. Yes, okay. He says: As for the dual, it is raised with an alif, and lowered and genitived with a ya.
" As for the sound masculine plural, it is raised with a waw, and lowered and genitived with a ya " It agrees with the dual in the genitive and the accusative cases. It agrees with the dual and differs from it in the nominative case. He said: " As for the five nouns, they are raised with a waw, lowered with an alif, and genitived with a ya " So they agree with the sound masculine plural in the nominative case, or not? And they agree with the sound masculine plural and the dual in the genitive case. They are unique in the accusative case; they are lowered with an alif. So you say: Your father visited me, so I honored your father.
The student: *Abak*.
The Shaykh : Yes, no. There is no dialect that says: Your father visited me, so I honored *abak*. I honored *abak*. Okay. So I came near to your father. Correct. Okay. So the five nouns agreed with the dual and the plural in the genitive case, and differed from them in the accusative case, and agreed with the sound masculine plural in the nominative case. Yes.
He said: " As for the five verbs, they are raised with a nun, and lowered and jussive by its deletion " So nothing shares this with them, because it is a verb, not a noun. It is raised by the presence of the nun, and lowered and jussive by its deletion. Yes. Look, this chapter is actually a summary of the previous chapter. That is, he presented the previous chapter in a way different from the first, but he confined it. It suffices in place of the first. It suffices in place of the first, but the first is more detailed. And Allah knows best.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Okay, memorization, my brothers. This chapter becomes long here, but it is easy. The one who has mastered the previous chapter ... Yes, here.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What?
The student: ... .
The student: *Al-rajulani*.
The Shaykh : Ah, *al-rajulani*. But the case is different. Argue for it. I passed by the two men, so I honored the two men. Here. Yes. So the two men rewarded me.
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Wrong. No. Okay, so I say: The two men rewarded me. Okay. I passed by *al-rajulani*.
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Wrong, wrong, wrong. We are speaking in formal Arabic. But if a man comes and makes a mistake and says "I passed by *al-rajulani*" and becomes stubborn, we say it is wrong; it is *al-rajulayn*. He says, "No, I am following a dialect." There is no denial in matters of scholarly disagreement. We do not declare him wrong because we say, "Your language is colloquial." If your language is colloquial, you must follow what? Formal Arabic. As long as you do not have a classical language, follow formal Arabic. Okay.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Except that there is an Arabic language, but it is not the language of Quraysh. The Qur'an is different in that regard. But I told you, if you make a mistake before someone and argue that it is a dialect, that may be an excuse for you. Yes, okay. He says: As for the dual, it is raised with an alif, and lowered and genitived with a ya.
" As for the sound masculine plural, it is raised with a waw, and lowered and genitived with a ya " It agrees with the dual in the genitive and the accusative cases. It agrees with the dual and differs from it in the nominative case. He said: " As for the five nouns, they are raised with a waw, lowered with an alif, and genitived with a ya " So they agree with the sound masculine plural in the nominative case, or not? And they agree with the sound masculine plural and the dual in the genitive case. They are unique in the accusative case; they are lowered with an alif. So you say: Your father visited me, so I honored your father.
The student: *Abak*.
The Shaykh : Yes, no. There is no dialect that says: Your father visited me, so I honored *abak*. I honored *abak*. Okay. So I came near to your father. Correct. Okay. So the five nouns agreed with the dual and the plural in the genitive case, and differed from them in the accusative case, and agreed with the sound masculine plural in the nominative case. Yes.
He said: " As for the five verbs, they are raised with a nun, and lowered and jussive by its deletion " So nothing shares this with them, because it is a verb, not a noun. It is raised by the presence of the nun, and lowered and jussive by its deletion. Yes. Look, this chapter is actually a summary of the previous chapter. That is, he presented the previous chapter in a way different from the first, but he confined it. It suffices in place of the first. It suffices in place of the first, but the first is more detailed. And Allah knows best.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Okay, memorization, my brothers. This chapter becomes long here, but it is easy. The one who has mastered the previous chapter ... Yes, here.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What?
The student: ... .