Explanation of the author's (may Allah have mercy on him) statement: " . . .
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The Shaykh :" As for the fathah, it serves as the marker of accusative case in three places: in the singular noun " And by what is the singular noun raised? By the dammah. So the singular noun is raised by the dammah and made accusative by the fathah. What is a singular noun? That which indicates one male or one female. Good. As for the broken plural, the broken plural is made accusative by the fathah, and it was previously established that it is raised by the dammah. What is a broken plural? That which indicates three or more, accompanied by a change in the structure of its singular form, with a change in the structure of its singular form, such as al-rijal (men), al-'arab (Arabs), al-masajid (mosques), al-durar (palaces), and many other things. Good. The present tense verb when a marker of accusative case enters it and nothing is attached to its end. What did we miss from the markers of nominative case? From those that are raised by the dammah, what did we miss? The sound feminine plural and the present tense verb to which nothing is attached at its end. Because the sound feminine plural will come to us as being made accusative by the kasrah. Here the author says: " and the present tense verb when a marker of accusative case enters it and nothing is attached to its end " The author stipulated two conditions: that a marker of accusative case enters it, and this condition is necessary, because it cannot be made accusative unless what enters it is? A marker of accusative case.
"and nothing is attached to its end" And by "thing" he means the nun of emphasis and the nun of the women, meaning that nothing is attached to its end, neither the nun of emphasis nor the nun of the women. If the nun of emphasis or the nun of the women is attached to its end, it is not made accusative by the fathah. An example of this is: yaqum (he stands). Let our letter be the letter of accusative case, la-n (will not). So you say, for example: yaqumu al-rajul (the man stands). Who among the geniuses parses this? Yaquumu al-rajul (the man stands). Yes.
The student: Al-rajul (the man) is the subject (fa'il).
The Shaykh : Why is it raised by the dammah?
The student: Because nothing is attached to its end.
The Shaykh : Yes, and no marker of accusative case or marker of jussive case has entered it. Good.
The student: Al-rajul (the man) is the subject (fa'il) ... .
The Shaykh : Because it is singular. Good. If you want to make this verb accusative, you say: la-na yaquma al-rajul (the man will not stand). We will focus on la-n. La-na yaquma al-rajul (the man will not stand). It is not permissible to say: la-na yaqumu al-rajul (the man will not stand). Rather, it is obligatory to say: la-na yaquma al-rajul (the man will not stand) ... with a fathah. Why? Because it is a present tense verb to which nothing is attached at its end, and a marker of accusative case has entered it. A marker of accusative case has entered it. Good. Al-rajulani (the two men) la-na yaquman (will not stand). La-na yaquman (the two men will not stand). This is not correct, because it is a present tense verb to which the alif of the dual has been attached, and the author says: " nothing is attached to its end " Good. Al-nisa' (the women) la-na yaqmin (will not stand). It is made accusative by the fathah. Why?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : The nun of the women has entered it. Good. And by Allah, la-na yazhabanna (they will certainly go). And by Allah, la-na yazhabanna (they will certainly go). It is made accusative by the fathah. Why? Because something is attached to its end.
The result is that the author (may Allah have mercy on him) stipulated for making the verb accusative by the fathah that it be a present tense verb, that a marker of accusative case enters it, and that nothing be attached to its end. Good.
"and nothing is attached to its end" And by "thing" he means the nun of emphasis and the nun of the women, meaning that nothing is attached to its end, neither the nun of emphasis nor the nun of the women. If the nun of emphasis or the nun of the women is attached to its end, it is not made accusative by the fathah. An example of this is: yaqum (he stands). Let our letter be the letter of accusative case, la-n (will not). So you say, for example: yaqumu al-rajul (the man stands). Who among the geniuses parses this? Yaquumu al-rajul (the man stands). Yes.
The student: Al-rajul (the man) is the subject (fa'il).
The Shaykh : Why is it raised by the dammah?
The student: Because nothing is attached to its end.
The Shaykh : Yes, and no marker of accusative case or marker of jussive case has entered it. Good.
The student: Al-rajul (the man) is the subject (fa'il) ... .
The Shaykh : Because it is singular. Good. If you want to make this verb accusative, you say: la-na yaquma al-rajul (the man will not stand). We will focus on la-n. La-na yaquma al-rajul (the man will not stand). It is not permissible to say: la-na yaqumu al-rajul (the man will not stand). Rather, it is obligatory to say: la-na yaquma al-rajul (the man will not stand) ... with a fathah. Why? Because it is a present tense verb to which nothing is attached at its end, and a marker of accusative case has entered it. A marker of accusative case has entered it. Good. Al-rajulani (the two men) la-na yaquman (will not stand). La-na yaquman (the two men will not stand). This is not correct, because it is a present tense verb to which the alif of the dual has been attached, and the author says: " nothing is attached to its end " Good. Al-nisa' (the women) la-na yaqmin (will not stand). It is made accusative by the fathah. Why?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : The nun of the women has entered it. Good. And by Allah, la-na yazhabanna (they will certainly go). And by Allah, la-na yazhabanna (they will certainly go). It is made accusative by the fathah. Why? Because something is attached to its end.
The result is that the author (may Allah have mercy on him) stipulated for making the verb accusative by the fathah that it be a present tense verb, that a marker of accusative case enters it, and that nothing be attached to its end. Good.