The Discussion on the Signs of the Nominative Case
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The Shaykh : If I say: "The men are standing," by what do we put "the men" in the nominative case? By the dammah.
The student: With a dammah.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because it is a broken plural.
The Shaykh : Because it is a broken plural. And by what do we put "are standing" in the nominative case? By the dammah, right? "The men are standing." We put it in the nominative case by the dammah. I am asking you: do we put it in the nominative case by the dammah or not?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because something is attached to its end.
The Shaykh : Because something is attached to its end. And the author says: "The present tense verb to which nothing is attached at its end". All right. If I say: "The Muslim women understand," come on, Khalid. By what do you put "the Muslim women" in the nominative case?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : By what do you put it in the nominative case? By what?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : And "understand"? Do you put it in the nominative case by the dammah or not?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Because something is attached to its end, and that is the nun of the women, right? All right. If I said: "The Muslim women stand," Nazeem. Do you put "stand" in the nominative case by the dammah or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because nothing is attached to its end.
The Shaykh : A present tense verb to which nothing is attached at its end, and "the Muslim women."
The student: A sound feminine plural.
The Shaykh : You put it in the nominative case by the dammah because it is a sound feminine plural. And Allah knows best.
How many signs of the nominative case are there?
The student: I
The Shaykh : Yes, I do.
The student: The dammah.
The Shaykh : How many? How many?
The student: Four.
The Shaykh : Four. Four signs. What is the evidence that they are limited to these four?
The student: Tracking and induction.
The Shaykh : Tracking and induction. Yes. Count them.
The student: The dammah and the waw. The dammah and the waw, and the alif, and the nun.
The Shaykh : Well done. The dammah and the waw, and the alif, and the nun. The dammah and the waw, and the alif, and the nun. There is no sign of the nominative case other than these four, ever. If you search through all the speech of the Arabs, you will not find anything other than these four. All right. In how many places does the dammah serve as a sign of the nominative case? Yes, yes. In how many places does the dammah serve as a sign of the nominative case? Did you not attend yesterday? Review it. You will see that if you do not know grammar from the beginning, you do not know. Yes, yes.
The student: Four.
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: The singular noun.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The broken plural.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And the sound feminine plural, and the present tense verb to which nothing is attached at its end.
The Shaykh : Well done. May Allah reward you. What is the singular noun, Ya Bukhari?
The student: It is what indicates one male or one female.
The Shaykh : What indicates one male or one female. For example, what indicates one male? For example, what indicates one male?
The student: One male.
The Shaykh : Yes, yes. One male, one male. All right. What indicates one female?
The student: Hind.
The Shaykh : Hind. All right. So, Zayd and Hind, this is a singular noun. All right. What do you say about Hadramawt?
The student: Hadramawt?
The Shaykh : Yes. Is this singular or not singular? Do you know Hadramawt?
The student: In Yemen.
The Shaykh : Yes. Well done. Is it singular or plural?
The student: Plural. Singular.
The Shaykh : Ah.
The student: Singular.
The Shaykh : Yes, singular. Hadramawt is one. All right. One country. All right. What is the broken plural? Come on, Abdullah.
The student: The broken plural.
The Shaykh : Yes. What is it? For example, "The women are chaste."
The student: The women.
The Shaykh : "Are chaste." Is the present tense verb here in the nominative case by the dammah or not?
The student: No, because... the nun.
The Shaykh : So, it is not in the nominative case by the dammah because a nun is attached to it. What nun?
The student: The nun...
The Shaykh : The nun of the women. The nun of the women.
The student: The nun of the women.
The Shaykh : Yes. All right.
The student: Something is attached to its end.
The Shaykh : Is it in the nominative case by the dammah or not?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because of its connection to the nun.
The Shaykh : Because of its connection to the nun of emphasis. All right. "The men are standing," Ahmad.
The student: Men.
The Shaykh : "Are standing."
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Is it not in the nominative case by the dammah? Why?
The student: Because of its connection to the nun of the women.
The Shaykh : "The men are standing." The nun of the women. By Allah, you and Bandar will make the men into women tonight. No, the point is that something is attached to its end. It is not necessary that it be attached to its end. Do you understand, everyone?
So, what is in the nominative case by the dammah in the speech of the Arabs is four things: the singular noun, the broken plural, the sound feminine plural, and the present tense verb to which nothing is attached at its end. Other than that, it is not in the nominative case by the dammah. That means, if you read all the books of language, you will not find anything in the nominative case by the dammah other than these four. And can you put one of these four in the nominative case by anything other than the dammah?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Can you put one of these four in the nominative case by anything other than the dammah?
The student: It is not possible.
The Shaykh : It is not possible. It is not possible. And now I want to make our reliance on the word "qama" (stood), and what follows it is the doer. "Qama Zaydan."
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Is it wrong? Why?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : "Qama Zaydan." No, I am saying it is in the nominative case as the doer. "Qama" is a past tense verb, and "Zayd" is the doer, in the nominative case by the fathah. That does not happen, because it must be in the nominative case by what?
The student: By the dammah.
The Shaykh : By the dammah. Now, let us proceed with this example. "Qama," and what follows it is the doer, and the doer is in the nominative case. All right. "Qama al-rijal-i." "Qama al-rijal-i."
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Why? Because it is a broken plural, it is in the nominative case by the dammah. We must say "Qama al-rijalu." If someone among you said: "The author said, may Allah have mercy on him," what do we say? Is it wrong? What do you say? "The author said." You put it in the nominative case by the dammah. All right. If I said: "The mountains collapsed." "The mountains collapsed." "The mountains collapsed."
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Why? No. If he said: "Allah crushed the mountains," it became the object. But "collapsed," yes. "The mountains collapsed" is the doer. All right. So, is it correct or not correct?
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : All right. "Qama al-rijalu" is correct. All right. "Yadhhabu al-rajulu."
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : No. Glory be to Allah. "Al-rajulu." I am saying "Yadhhabu al-rajulu." Ah.
The student: "Yadhhabu" is wrong.
The Shaykh : "Yadhhabu" is wrong, and "al-rajulu."
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : Is it correct? Why is "Yadhhabu" wrong?
The student: Present tense.
The Shaykh : Because it is a present tense verb, it must be in the nominative case by the dammah. Nothing is attached to its end. Nothing is attached to its end, so it must be in the nominative case by the dammah, if Allah wills. Now we have understood this. All right.
The student: With a dammah.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because it is a broken plural.
The Shaykh : Because it is a broken plural. And by what do we put "are standing" in the nominative case? By the dammah, right? "The men are standing." We put it in the nominative case by the dammah. I am asking you: do we put it in the nominative case by the dammah or not?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because something is attached to its end.
The Shaykh : Because something is attached to its end. And the author says: "The present tense verb to which nothing is attached at its end". All right. If I say: "The Muslim women understand," come on, Khalid. By what do you put "the Muslim women" in the nominative case?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : By what do you put it in the nominative case? By what?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : And "understand"? Do you put it in the nominative case by the dammah or not?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Because something is attached to its end, and that is the nun of the women, right? All right. If I said: "The Muslim women stand," Nazeem. Do you put "stand" in the nominative case by the dammah or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because nothing is attached to its end.
The Shaykh : A present tense verb to which nothing is attached at its end, and "the Muslim women."
The student: A sound feminine plural.
The Shaykh : You put it in the nominative case by the dammah because it is a sound feminine plural. And Allah knows best.
How many signs of the nominative case are there?
The student: I
The Shaykh : Yes, I do.
The student: The dammah.
The Shaykh : How many? How many?
The student: Four.
The Shaykh : Four. Four signs. What is the evidence that they are limited to these four?
The student: Tracking and induction.
The Shaykh : Tracking and induction. Yes. Count them.
The student: The dammah and the waw. The dammah and the waw, and the alif, and the nun.
The Shaykh : Well done. The dammah and the waw, and the alif, and the nun. The dammah and the waw, and the alif, and the nun. There is no sign of the nominative case other than these four, ever. If you search through all the speech of the Arabs, you will not find anything other than these four. All right. In how many places does the dammah serve as a sign of the nominative case? Yes, yes. In how many places does the dammah serve as a sign of the nominative case? Did you not attend yesterday? Review it. You will see that if you do not know grammar from the beginning, you do not know. Yes, yes.
The student: Four.
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: The singular noun.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The broken plural.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And the sound feminine plural, and the present tense verb to which nothing is attached at its end.
The Shaykh : Well done. May Allah reward you. What is the singular noun, Ya Bukhari?
The student: It is what indicates one male or one female.
The Shaykh : What indicates one male or one female. For example, what indicates one male? For example, what indicates one male?
The student: One male.
The Shaykh : Yes, yes. One male, one male. All right. What indicates one female?
The student: Hind.
The Shaykh : Hind. All right. So, Zayd and Hind, this is a singular noun. All right. What do you say about Hadramawt?
The student: Hadramawt?
The Shaykh : Yes. Is this singular or not singular? Do you know Hadramawt?
The student: In Yemen.
The Shaykh : Yes. Well done. Is it singular or plural?
The student: Plural. Singular.
The Shaykh : Ah.
The student: Singular.
The Shaykh : Yes, singular. Hadramawt is one. All right. One country. All right. What is the broken plural? Come on, Abdullah.
The student: The broken plural.
The Shaykh : Yes. What is it? For example, "The women are chaste."
The student: The women.
The Shaykh : "Are chaste." Is the present tense verb here in the nominative case by the dammah or not?
The student: No, because... the nun.
The Shaykh : So, it is not in the nominative case by the dammah because a nun is attached to it. What nun?
The student: The nun...
The Shaykh : The nun of the women. The nun of the women.
The student: The nun of the women.
The Shaykh : Yes. All right.
Nay, they will surely cast it away
كلا لينبذنّThe student: Something is attached to its end.
The Shaykh : Is it in the nominative case by the dammah or not?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because of its connection to the nun.
The Shaykh : Because of its connection to the nun of emphasis. All right. "The men are standing," Ahmad.
The student: Men.
The Shaykh : "Are standing."
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Is it not in the nominative case by the dammah? Why?
The student: Because of its connection to the nun of the women.
The Shaykh : "The men are standing." The nun of the women. By Allah, you and Bandar will make the men into women tonight. No, the point is that something is attached to its end. It is not necessary that it be attached to its end. Do you understand, everyone?
So, what is in the nominative case by the dammah in the speech of the Arabs is four things: the singular noun, the broken plural, the sound feminine plural, and the present tense verb to which nothing is attached at its end. Other than that, it is not in the nominative case by the dammah. That means, if you read all the books of language, you will not find anything in the nominative case by the dammah other than these four. And can you put one of these four in the nominative case by anything other than the dammah?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Can you put one of these four in the nominative case by anything other than the dammah?
The student: It is not possible.
The Shaykh : It is not possible. It is not possible. And now I want to make our reliance on the word "qama" (stood), and what follows it is the doer. "Qama Zaydan."
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Is it wrong? Why?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : "Qama Zaydan." No, I am saying it is in the nominative case as the doer. "Qama" is a past tense verb, and "Zayd" is the doer, in the nominative case by the fathah. That does not happen, because it must be in the nominative case by what?
The student: By the dammah.
The Shaykh : By the dammah. Now, let us proceed with this example. "Qama," and what follows it is the doer, and the doer is in the nominative case. All right. "Qama al-rijal-i." "Qama al-rijal-i."
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Why? Because it is a broken plural, it is in the nominative case by the dammah. We must say "Qama al-rijalu." If someone among you said: "The author said, may Allah have mercy on him," what do we say? Is it wrong? What do you say? "The author said." You put it in the nominative case by the dammah. All right. If I said: "The mountains collapsed." "The mountains collapsed." "The mountains collapsed."
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Why? No. If he said: "Allah crushed the mountains," it became the object. But "collapsed," yes. "The mountains collapsed" is the doer. All right. So, is it correct or not correct?
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : All right. "Qama al-rijalu" is correct. All right. "Yadhhabu al-rajulu."
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : No. Glory be to Allah. "Al-rajulu." I am saying "Yadhhabu al-rajulu." Ah.
The student: "Yadhhabu" is wrong.
The Shaykh : "Yadhhabu" is wrong, and "al-rajulu."
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : Is it correct? Why is "Yadhhabu" wrong?
The student: Present tense.
The Shaykh : Because it is a present tense verb, it must be in the nominative case by the dammah. Nothing is attached to its end. Nothing is attached to its end, so it must be in the nominative case by the dammah, if Allah wills. Now we have understood this. All right.