Explanation of the author's (may Allah have mercy on him) statement: " . . .
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The Shaykh :" And as for the yaa: it is the sign of the genitive case in three places: in the five nouns, in the dual, and in the plural " All praise is due to Allah, knowing Him before this, does it not require explanation, is that not so?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : The yaa is the sign of the genitive case in three places. What are they? The five nouns, the dual, and the plural.
The five nouns require the same conditions as their nominative case with the waw. How many conditions are there? Six: that it be singular, masculine, attached to something other than the first-person yaa, that it be free of the noon, and that "dhu" mean "owner." The conditions mentioned earlier for the nominative case with the waw must apply here. So, whenever the five nouns are raised with the waw, they are declined with the yaa. Allah the Exalted said: Yes. It was declined with what?
The student: With a yaa.
The Shaykh : With the yaa.[Yusuf 12:64] It was declined.
The student: With the yaa
The Shaykh : With the yaa. Clear? Good. Yes. [Yusuf 12:87] [Yusuf 12:87] [Yusuf 12:87] It was declined with the yaa. Pay attention to the example that is coming now. "Their father said to them, 'Indeed, your father loves that you be dutiful to your father.'" Is that right or not? "Their father said to them, 'Indeed, your father loves that you be dutiful to your father.'" Correct? Good. Why did this differ? "Ab" came with a waw, "ab" with an alif, and "ab" with a yaa. How? Due to the difference in the grammatical factors. Due to the difference in the grammatical factors. "Their father said to them" became with the waw because it is the subject, and the subject is raised. The five nouns are raised with the waw in place of the dammah. "Your father" is in the accusative case because "inna" puts the noun in the accusative and the predicate in the nominative. Like this: "Indeed, your father loves that you be dutiful to your father."
The student: In the genitive case.
The Shaykh : In the genitive case with what? With the yaa. The five nouns are declined with the yaa. Like this. Good. If someone said: "Their father said to them, yes. Their father said to them, 'Indeed, your father loves that you be dutiful to your father.'"
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Is it wrong? Wrong. All of his speech is wrong. All of his speech is wrong. But know that I am giving you a benefit so that if you make a mistake, you can excuse it. Some Arabs always attach the alif to the five nouns. Yes, some Arabs always attach the alif to the five nouns, and one feels at ease saying: "Their father said to them, 'Indeed, your father loves that you be dutiful to your father.'" Ah, like this, you do not make a mistake. And on this basis is the saying of the poet:
"Indeed, his father and his father's father *** have reached the peak of their glory"
" Indeed, her father and her father's father " and he did not say "and her father's father" " have reached the peak of glory "
Pay attention. Good. So, the yaa is the sign of the genitive case in three places: in the five nouns with the previous six conditions, and in the dual as well. We say in it what we said about its nominative case, namely the dual with the alif. This includes the dual and what is attached to it. It includes the dual and what is attached to it. So you say: "I passed by two men, both of them." Like this? "I passed by two men, both of them." And you say: "I saw two men, both of them." Correct or wrong?
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : Because the dual is in the accusative case.
The student: With the yaa
The Shaykh : With the yaa. And you say: "I passed by the two men, both of them." Correct. Good. "I passed by the two men, both of them." Ah.
The student: Incorrect.
The Shaykh : Wrong, because it is attached to the dual, so it is declined with the yaa. Yes. Good. What is meant by the plural here?
The student: The sound masculine plural.
The Shaykh : The sound masculine plural. The evidence that the sound masculine plural is meant is that he said earlier: the broken plural is declined with the kasrah. So, the plural meant here is the sound masculine plural. Good. What is the evidence that it is the masculine plural? If someone said: the plural, which plural? The feminine plural? We say: it was mentioned earlier that the feminine plural is declined with what? With the kasrah. So, it is established that the plural meant is the sound masculine plural. Good. And what is attached to it as well. The sound masculine plural and what is attached to it. Did you write it down? Good.
So you say: "I passed by the Muslims." Yes. Good. And you say: "I passed by two men, who are among the Muslims." Is that right? Good. So, the sound masculine plural and what is attached to it, what is it? It is declined with the yaa. It is declined with the yaa. Good.
Allah the Exalted said:[Ali 'Imran 3:190] "Those of understanding." "Those of understanding" is attached to what? To the sound masculine plural. Good. In reality, we do not know what is attached to the sound masculine plural. The answer to this is that we say: everything that does not meet the conditions of the plural but is inflected like the plural is attached to it. This is the rule: whatever is inflected like the plural and does not meet the conditions, it is attached. For example, "Awlu" (those of). "Awlu" has no singular form from its word, because "Awlu" means "owners," but it has a singular form from its meaning, "owner." But it does not have a singular form from its word. What about "twenty"? What do you say about it? Sound masculine plural or attached? Attached, because it has no singular form from its meaning. Because "ashar" (ten) is from its word, because "ashar" does not indicate one. Ten, the ten, ten. Good.
So we say: the sound masculine plural and what is attached to it, all of it is declined with what? With the yaa. He said: " And as for the fathah " And how do you know what the fathah is? This is a battleground. The fathah is the sign of the genitive case in the noun that does not decline. A noun that does not decline. It is close to you. You tell him to go, and he says, "I am not going." A noun that does not decline. This noun that does not decline is the one that is declined with the kasrah.
The student: With the fathah.
The Shaykh : Yes, it is declined with the fathah. For this reason, he said: " And as for the fathah, it is the sign of the genitive case in the noun that does not decline " We will leave it for a new lesson because the time has ended. Yes.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : The yaa is the sign of the genitive case in three places. What are they? The five nouns, the dual, and the plural.
The five nouns require the same conditions as their nominative case with the waw. How many conditions are there? Six: that it be singular, masculine, attached to something other than the first-person yaa, that it be free of the noon, and that "dhu" mean "owner." The conditions mentioned earlier for the nominative case with the waw must apply here. So, whenever the five nouns are raised with the waw, they are declined with the yaa. Allah the Exalted said:
Return to your father
ارجعوا إلى أبيكمReturn to your father
ارجعوا إلى أبيكمThe student: With a yaa.
The Shaykh : With the yaa.
Should I entrust you with him except [under coercion] as I entrusted you with his brother
هل آمنكم عليه إلا كما أمنتكم على أخيهFor his brother
على أخيهThe student: With the yaa
The Shaykh : With the yaa. Clear? Good.
And do not despair
ولا تيأسواgo and find out about Joseph
اذهبوا فتحسسوا من يوسفgo and find out about Joseph and his brother
فتحسسوا من يوسف وأخيهabout Joseph and his brother
من يوسف وأخيهThe student: In the genitive case.
The Shaykh : In the genitive case with what? With the yaa. The five nouns are declined with the yaa. Like this. Good. If someone said: "Their father said to them, yes. Their father said to them, 'Indeed, your father loves that you be dutiful to your father.'"
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Is it wrong? Wrong. All of his speech is wrong. All of his speech is wrong. But know that I am giving you a benefit so that if you make a mistake, you can excuse it. Some Arabs always attach the alif to the five nouns. Yes, some Arabs always attach the alif to the five nouns, and one feels at ease saying: "Their father said to them, 'Indeed, your father loves that you be dutiful to your father.'" Ah, like this, you do not make a mistake. And on this basis is the saying of the poet:
"Indeed, his father and his father's father *** have reached the peak of their glory"
" Indeed, her father and her father's father " and he did not say "and her father's father" " have reached the peak of glory "
Pay attention. Good. So, the yaa is the sign of the genitive case in three places: in the five nouns with the previous six conditions, and in the dual as well. We say in it what we said about its nominative case, namely the dual with the alif. This includes the dual and what is attached to it. It includes the dual and what is attached to it. So you say: "I passed by two men, both of them." Like this? "I passed by two men, both of them." And you say: "I saw two men, both of them." Correct or wrong?
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : Because the dual is in the accusative case.
The student: With the yaa
The Shaykh : With the yaa. And you say: "I passed by the two men, both of them." Correct. Good. "I passed by the two men, both of them." Ah.
The student: Incorrect.
The Shaykh : Wrong, because it is attached to the dual, so it is declined with the yaa. Yes. Good. What is meant by the plural here?
The student: The sound masculine plural.
The Shaykh : The sound masculine plural. The evidence that the sound masculine plural is meant is that he said earlier: the broken plural is declined with the kasrah. So, the plural meant here is the sound masculine plural. Good. What is the evidence that it is the masculine plural? If someone said: the plural, which plural? The feminine plural? We say: it was mentioned earlier that the feminine plural is declined with what? With the kasrah. So, it is established that the plural meant is the sound masculine plural. Good. And what is attached to it as well. The sound masculine plural and what is attached to it. Did you write it down? Good.
So you say: "I passed by the Muslims." Yes. Good. And you say: "I passed by two men, who are among the Muslims." Is that right? Good. So, the sound masculine plural and what is attached to it, what is it? It is declined with the yaa. It is declined with the yaa. Good.
Allah the Exalted said:
Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day are signs for those of understanding.
إن في خلق السموات والأرض واختلاف الليل والنهار لآياتٍ لأولي الألبابSo we say: the sound masculine plural and what is attached to it, all of it is declined with what? With the yaa. He said: " And as for the fathah " And how do you know what the fathah is? This is a battleground. The fathah is the sign of the genitive case in the noun that does not decline. A noun that does not decline. It is close to you. You tell him to go, and he says, "I am not going." A noun that does not decline. This noun that does not decline is the one that is declined with the kasrah.
The student: With the fathah.
The Shaykh : Yes, it is declined with the fathah. For this reason, he said: " And as for the fathah, it is the sign of the genitive case in the noun that does not decline " We will leave it for a new lesson because the time has ended. Yes.