Explanation of the author's (may Allah have mercy on him) statement: "… And as for the fathah: it serves as the marker of the genitive case in a noun that does not accept inflection …"
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : He said: "And as for the fathah, it serves as the marker of the genitive case in a noun that does not accept inflection". The fathah serves as the marker of the genitive case in a noun that does not accept inflection, meaning in one specific position, which is the noun that does not accept inflection. The author has benefited us here, and in what preceded in his statement: "the singular noun that accepts inflection and the broken plural that accepts inflection", that nouns are divided into two categories: those that accept inflection and those that do not. The noun that accepts inflection is one that accepts tanwin (dual vowel ending), and the one that does not is one that does not accept tanwin. This is the criterion, and the evidence for this, or a witness to this, is the statement of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) in *Al-Alfiyyah*:
"Inflection is tanwin that comes clearly, *** By which the meaning of the noun becomes more distinct"
This tanwin, and why is tanwin called inflection? They said: because it has a resonance. "Zaydan" has a resonance like the ringing of coins among money changers. You know silver coins; when they are moved, they make a ringing sound. So it is with tanwin. All right.
Is the noun that does not accept inflection counted or limited? We say: its causes are counted. Its causes are counted, but its individual instances cannot be enumerated. However, if a person knows the causes, if a person knows the causes, it becomes easy for him to apply them. The causes that prevent inflection are nine causes, gathered, O owner of the wall, gathered in the statement of the poet:
"Gather, weigh, make just, feminize with a definite noun, *** Combine, and add a foreign element, then the description is complete"
I repeat the verse a second time:
"Gather, weigh, make just, feminize with a definite noun, *** Combine, and add a foreign element, then the description is complete"
The third time:
"Gather, weigh, make just, feminize with a definite noun, *** Combine, and add a foreign element, then the description is complete"
Who memorized it? Nasr.
The student: "Gather, weigh, make just, feminize with a definite noun, *** Combine, and add a foreign element, then the description is complete".
The Shaykh : Yes, you have done well.
The student: "Gather, weigh, make just, feminize with a definite noun, *** Combine, and add a foreign element, then the description is complete".
The Shaykh : Okay, yes.
The student: "Gather, weigh, make just".
The Shaykh :"Gather".
The student: "Gather, weigh, make just, feminize with a definite noun, *** Combine, and add a foreign element, then the description is complete".
The Shaykh : All right, these are nine causes. First, "Gather" refers to a plural called the "form of the ultimate plural" (sighat manhat al-jum'). It refers to a plural called the "form of the ultimate plural," which is what is on the pattern of maf'ul or maf'ulil, on the pattern of maf'ul or maf'ulil, regardless of the letters. That is, it may be that instead of maf'ul it is fa'ul, yes, and it may be that instead of maf'ulil it is fa'ulil. The point is that whatever is on the pattern of any plural that is on the pattern of maf'ul or maf'ulil, we say: it is the form of the ultimate plural, so it does not accept inflection, so it does not accept inflection. Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Mulk 67:5] with lamps. All right, the ba is a preposition. "Masa'ih" (lamps) was not said as "masa'ihin" (with tanwin). Why? Because it is a noun that does not accept inflection, and the thing preventing it from inflection is the form of the ultimate plural, the form of the ultimate plural. All right.
And He said:[Al-Hajj 22:40] Pay attention and there were not monasteries Look, "buyu'" (synagogues) was tanwined tanwined and there were not, and "masajid" (mosques) was not tanwined. Why were "suwami'" (monasteries) and "masajid" (mosques) not tanwined, while "buyu'" (synagogues) and "salawat" (prayers) were tanwined? Because "masajid" and "suwami'" do not accept inflection, and "buyu'" and "salawat" accept inflection. Is that right or not? "Suwami'" is on the pattern of fa'ul, "masajid" is on the pattern of maf'ul. All right. "Masa'ih" is on the pattern of maf'ulil, is that right or not? All right. "Tawahin" (windmills) is on the pattern of fa'ulil.
The important point is that whatever is on this pattern among plurals, it does not accept inflection, does not accept inflection, and we say regarding the thing preventing it from inflection, what is it? The form of the ultimate plural. All right.
"Inflection is tanwin that comes clearly, *** By which the meaning of the noun becomes more distinct"
This tanwin, and why is tanwin called inflection? They said: because it has a resonance. "Zaydan" has a resonance like the ringing of coins among money changers. You know silver coins; when they are moved, they make a ringing sound. So it is with tanwin. All right.
Is the noun that does not accept inflection counted or limited? We say: its causes are counted. Its causes are counted, but its individual instances cannot be enumerated. However, if a person knows the causes, if a person knows the causes, it becomes easy for him to apply them. The causes that prevent inflection are nine causes, gathered, O owner of the wall, gathered in the statement of the poet:
"Gather, weigh, make just, feminize with a definite noun, *** Combine, and add a foreign element, then the description is complete"
I repeat the verse a second time:
"Gather, weigh, make just, feminize with a definite noun, *** Combine, and add a foreign element, then the description is complete"
The third time:
"Gather, weigh, make just, feminize with a definite noun, *** Combine, and add a foreign element, then the description is complete"
Who memorized it? Nasr.
The student: "Gather, weigh, make just, feminize with a definite noun, *** Combine, and add a foreign element, then the description is complete".
The Shaykh : Yes, you have done well.
The student: "Gather, weigh, make just, feminize with a definite noun, *** Combine, and add a foreign element, then the description is complete".
The Shaykh : Okay, yes.
The student: "Gather, weigh, make just".
The Shaykh :"Gather".
The student: "Gather, weigh, make just, feminize with a definite noun, *** Combine, and add a foreign element, then the description is complete".
The Shaykh : All right, these are nine causes. First, "Gather" refers to a plural called the "form of the ultimate plural" (sighat manhat al-jum'). It refers to a plural called the "form of the ultimate plural," which is what is on the pattern of maf'ul or maf'ulil, on the pattern of maf'ul or maf'ulil, regardless of the letters. That is, it may be that instead of maf'ul it is fa'ul, yes, and it may be that instead of maf'ulil it is fa'ulil. The point is that whatever is on the pattern of any plural that is on the pattern of maf'ul or maf'ulil, we say: it is the form of the ultimate plural, so it does not accept inflection, so it does not accept inflection. Allah the Exalted said:
And We have certainly beautified the nearest heaven with stars and have made [from] them what is thrown at the devils
ولقد زينا السماء الدنيا بمصابيح وجعلناها رجوماً للشياطينAnd He said:
And were it not that Allah checks the people, some by means of others, there would have been demolished monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques in which the name of Allah is much mentioned
ولولا دفع الله الناس بعضهم ببعض لهدّمت صوامعُ وبيع وصلواتٌ ومساجدُ يذكر فيها اسم الله كثيراًmonasteries
لهدّمت صوامعُand synagogues
وبيعٌand synagogues and prayers
وبيعٌ وصلواتٌAnd mosques
ومساجدُThe important point is that whatever is on this pattern among plurals, it does not accept inflection, does not accept inflection, and we say regarding the thing preventing it from inflection, what is it? The form of the ultimate plural. All right.