Explanation of the author's (may Allah have mercy on him) statement: " . . .
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : He said: "And idhma" Idhma is a conjunction, whereas idha stands alone.
The student: A conjunction.
The Shaykh : Idhma is a conditional particle that governs two verbs. You say to your companion:
"Idhma you sit, I sit" meaning, wherever you sit, I sit. Idhma you sit, I sit. The verb of the condition is "sit," and the answer to the condition is "I sit." Now, if I said, "Idhma you sit (with a dammah), I sit (with a dammah),"
The student: Error
The Shaykh : That is incorrect. Idhma you sit (with a dammah), I sit (with a dammah).
The student: Error
The Shaykh : That is incorrect. Idhma you sit (with a kasrah), I sit (with a kasrah).
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Idhma you sit (with a sukun), I sit (with a kasrah).
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Ah, I saw it. He said, "Correct." Before that, complete this. He said, "Correct." Before that, complete it. Okay, okay. Idhma you sit (with a sukun), I sit (with a kasrah). What is the error? Idhma you sit (with a sukun), I sit (with a sukun).
The student: Correct
The Shaykh : That is complete. Now, "and ayy" Ayy is one of the particles of jussive that governs two verbs, such as saying:
Ayy garment you wear, I wear.
Ayy book you read, I read.
Ayy book you read, I read. Where is the verb of the condition? "You read." The answer to the condition is "I read." If I said, "Ayy book you read (with a dammah), I read (with a dammah)," that is incorrect. If I said, "Ayy book you read (with a kasrah), I read (with a kasrah)," that is incorrect. Ayy book you read (with a kasrah), I read (with a sukun). Ayy book you read (with a kasrah), I read (with a sukun).
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Adam says it is correct. No, Adam, it is not correct. This "Ayy book you read (with a kasrah), I read (with a sukun)" is not correct. You must put both verbs in the jussive. You say, "Ayy book you read (with a sukun), I read (with a sukun)." Okay, ayyan.
The student: Mata.
The Shaykh : Yes, "mata" You say:
Mata you stand, I stand. Mata you stand, I stand.
This "mata" is a particle of jussive that governs two verbs. "You stand" is the verb of the condition, and "I stand" is the answer to the condition. Okay, mata.
"Ayyan" You say, "Ayyan ma you sit, I sit" or "Ayyan you sit, I sit." It is permissible to add "ma" and it is permissible to leave it out. (May Allah have mercy on you.) Ayyan you sit, I sit. It is the same as what we said previously. Ayyan. "And ayna" You say:
The student: Let us give an example from the Qur'an.
The Shaykh : Yes, let us give an example from the Qur'an. Good.[Al-Baqarah 2:148] [Al-Baqarah 2:148] But there is a problem here. What is the sign of the jussive in the verb of the condition? [Al-Baqarah 2:148]
The student: The deletion of the noon.
The Shaykh : The deletion of the nun. Where is the jussive in the answer to the condition?
The student: The deletion of the ya.
The Shaykh : The deletion of the ya. By the deletion of the ya, in[Al-Baqarah 2:148] we say that "ayna-ma" is a particle of jussive that governs two verbs: the first is the verb of the condition, and the second is its answer. "You are" is a present-tense verb in the jussive by "ayna-ma."
The student : Where
The Shaykh : By "ayna-ma." Yes, where? Good. Okay, as the verb of the condition, and the sign of its jussive is the deletion of the nun, and the waw is the subject.[Al-Baqarah 2:148] "Comes" is a present-tense verb in the jussive by "ayna-ma" as the answer to the condition, and the sign of its jussive is the deletion of the ya, and the kasrah before it is evidence for it. Okay, ayna. Anna.
The student: Ayyan.
The Shaykh : Here, that is enough. We have said it, O Shaykh. We have said it.
"Anna" is also a particle of jussive that governs two verbs: the first is the verb of the condition, and the second is the answer to the condition. You say, for example, "Anna you attend, I attend."
Meaning, whenever you attend, I attend. So "anna" is a particle of jussive that governs two verbs: the first is the verb of the condition, and the second is its answer. "You attend" is a present-tense verb in the jussive by "anna" as the verb of the condition, and "I attend" is a present-tense verb in the jussive by "anna" as the answer to the condition.
"And haysu-ma" Haysu-ma you are upright, Allah decrees for you success in the ages to come.
Okay, haysu-ma you are upright, Allah decrees. Where is the verb of the condition?
The student: You are upright.
The Shaykh : And the answer to the condition is "Allah decrees." And Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Baqarah 2:144] But the jussive is not apparent in this because the verb of the condition was in the past tense. Okay, and haysu-ma.
"And kayfa-ma" Kayfa-ma is also one of the particles of the verb of the condition that governs two verbs, such as saying:
Kayfa-ma you are, I am.
Kayfa-ma you sit, I sit.
Meaning, in whatever manner you sit, I sit. In whatever manner you are, I am. This is "kayfa-ma." Kayfa-ma you sit, I sit. Meaning, whenever you sit, I sit. I ask you:
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Kayfa-ma you sit, I sit. Does it mean whenever you sit, I sit?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : No, the meaning is in whatever manner you sit, I sit. Okay, the author said:
"And idha specifically in poetry" Idha specifically in poetry means that "idha" does not govern two verbs except specifically in poetry. Among this is the saying of the poet:
"And if poverty strikes you, then you bear *** " "And if poverty strikes you, then you bear *** " "Khasasah" means hunger. The verb of the condition is "strikes you," and the answer to the condition is the phrase "you bear." These are ten particles of jussive, but they differ from the first eight in that they govern two verbs. The first is called the verb of the condition, and the second is called the answer to the condition. Yes.
The student: A conjunction.
The Shaykh : Idhma is a conditional particle that governs two verbs. You say to your companion:
"Idhma you sit, I sit" meaning, wherever you sit, I sit. Idhma you sit, I sit. The verb of the condition is "sit," and the answer to the condition is "I sit." Now, if I said, "Idhma you sit (with a dammah), I sit (with a dammah),"
The student: Error
The Shaykh : That is incorrect. Idhma you sit (with a dammah), I sit (with a dammah).
The student: Error
The Shaykh : That is incorrect. Idhma you sit (with a kasrah), I sit (with a kasrah).
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Idhma you sit (with a sukun), I sit (with a kasrah).
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Ah, I saw it. He said, "Correct." Before that, complete this. He said, "Correct." Before that, complete it. Okay, okay. Idhma you sit (with a sukun), I sit (with a kasrah). What is the error? Idhma you sit (with a sukun), I sit (with a sukun).
The student: Correct
The Shaykh : That is complete. Now, "and ayy" Ayy is one of the particles of jussive that governs two verbs, such as saying:
Ayy garment you wear, I wear.
Ayy book you read, I read.
Ayy book you read, I read. Where is the verb of the condition? "You read." The answer to the condition is "I read." If I said, "Ayy book you read (with a dammah), I read (with a dammah)," that is incorrect. If I said, "Ayy book you read (with a kasrah), I read (with a kasrah)," that is incorrect. Ayy book you read (with a kasrah), I read (with a sukun). Ayy book you read (with a kasrah), I read (with a sukun).
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Adam says it is correct. No, Adam, it is not correct. This "Ayy book you read (with a kasrah), I read (with a sukun)" is not correct. You must put both verbs in the jussive. You say, "Ayy book you read (with a sukun), I read (with a sukun)." Okay, ayyan.
The student: Mata.
The Shaykh : Yes, "mata" You say:
Mata you stand, I stand. Mata you stand, I stand.
This "mata" is a particle of jussive that governs two verbs. "You stand" is the verb of the condition, and "I stand" is the answer to the condition. Okay, mata.
"Ayyan" You say, "Ayyan ma you sit, I sit" or "Ayyan you sit, I sit." It is permissible to add "ma" and it is permissible to leave it out. (May Allah have mercy on you.) Ayyan you sit, I sit. It is the same as what we said previously. Ayyan. "And ayna" You say:
The student: Let us give an example from the Qur'an.
The Shaykh : Yes, let us give an example from the Qur'an. Good.
Wherever you may be, Allah will bring you forth
أين ما تكونوا يأت بكم اللهWherever you may be, Allah will bring you forth
أين ما تكونوا يأت بكم اللهWherever you may be, Allah will bring you forth
أين ما تكونوا يأت بكم اللهThe student: The deletion of the noon.
The Shaykh : The deletion of the nun. Where is the jussive in the answer to the condition?
The student: The deletion of the ya.
The Shaykh : The deletion of the ya. By the deletion of the ya, in
Wherever you may be, Allah will bring you forth
أين ما تكونوا يأت بكم اللهThe student : Where
The Shaykh : By "ayna-ma." Yes, where? Good. Okay, as the verb of the condition, and the sign of its jussive is the deletion of the nun, and the waw is the subject.
Allah will bring you forth
يأتِ بكم اللهThe student: Ayyan.
The Shaykh : Here, that is enough. We have said it, O Shaykh. We have said it.
"Anna" is also a particle of jussive that governs two verbs: the first is the verb of the condition, and the second is the answer to the condition. You say, for example, "Anna you attend, I attend."
Meaning, whenever you attend, I attend. So "anna" is a particle of jussive that governs two verbs: the first is the verb of the condition, and the second is its answer. "You attend" is a present-tense verb in the jussive by "anna" as the verb of the condition, and "I attend" is a present-tense verb in the jussive by "anna" as the answer to the condition.
"And haysu-ma" Haysu-ma you are upright, Allah decrees for you success in the ages to come.
Okay, haysu-ma you are upright, Allah decrees. Where is the verb of the condition?
The student: You are upright.
The Shaykh : And the answer to the condition is "Allah decrees." And Allah the Exalted said:
And wherever you [believers] are, turn your faces toward it [in prayer]
وحيثما كنتم فولوا وجوهكم شطره"And kayfa-ma" Kayfa-ma is also one of the particles of the verb of the condition that governs two verbs, such as saying:
Kayfa-ma you are, I am.
Kayfa-ma you sit, I sit.
Meaning, in whatever manner you sit, I sit. In whatever manner you are, I am. This is "kayfa-ma." Kayfa-ma you sit, I sit. Meaning, whenever you sit, I sit. I ask you:
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Kayfa-ma you sit, I sit. Does it mean whenever you sit, I sit?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : No, the meaning is in whatever manner you sit, I sit. Okay, the author said:
"And idha specifically in poetry" Idha specifically in poetry means that "idha" does not govern two verbs except specifically in poetry. Among this is the saying of the poet:
"And if poverty strikes you, then you bear *** " "And if poverty strikes you, then you bear *** " "Khasasah" means hunger. The verb of the condition is "strikes you," and the answer to the condition is the phrase "you bear." These are ten particles of jussive, but they differ from the first eight in that they govern two verbs. The first is called the verb of the condition, and the second is called the answer to the condition. Yes.