Discussion on the substitute for the subject
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The Shaykh : All right, so the verb or the substitute for the subject has exactly the same ruling as the subject, because it is its substitute. The substitute takes the place of the one it substitutes for. Let us take some examples now.
The student: Which ones are transitive, O Shaykh? Qama.
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: Qama is transitive.
The Shaykh : No, no, but if it is said aqama, it becomes transitive.
The student: Qama...
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: It has a subject and is intransitive.
The Shaykh : Yes, it has a subject and is intransitive, because the substitute for the subject is not necessarily an object. The verbal noun may substitute for the subject, as in the verbal noun of qama. It may substitute for the subject other than the object. The verbal noun, yes. Ibn Malik says:
"And a substitute from an adverb or from a verbal noun *** or from a preposition, by right of substitution" Yes.
The student: What about the hidden substitute for the subject in the present tense verb?
The Shaykh : What about
The student: The hidden substitute for the subject in the present tense verb.
The Shaykh : How is it said? Yudrab al-rajul, yudrab kitha, and the student is honored. This is it, yes.
The student: When is the present tense verb contracted? If it is built for the subject, if it is built on four letters after being built for the known, for example yuqaddir, meaning the present tense letter is contracted.
The Shaykh : Yes, indeed.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : The letter before the last is opened.
The student: The letter before the last is not opened, it is broken.
The Shaykh : No, that is if it is for the subject, it is broken. If it is for the object, it is opened. The ambiguity is resolved.
The student: The position of raising. The position of raising is that if it is... on four letters, for example akram and karrama, yaqdim and yaqatil, meaning if it is on four letters, it is contracted.The Shaykh : The first letter is contracted.
The student: The first letter is contracted in the present tense...
The Shaykh : Yes, we mentioned this. Just as the letter before the last is broken for the known, like 'alima, we say 'ulima. The important thing is that there must be a difference. If the first letter is contracted, it is built for the subject. And if it is built for the object, the letter before the last must be opened. So in yu'kram, we say yu'kram, for the sake of distinction.
The student: And... meaning if it is four letters, it is contracted.
The Shaykh : Yes, it is known. If the present tense verb has a past tense of four letters, it is contracted, whether it begins with a hamza or not. Ta'lam, we say tu'lam. If it begins with a hamza, it is contracted, even if it is for the subject, like akram, yu'kram. Yes.
The student: Which ones are transitive, O Shaykh? Qama.
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: Qama is transitive.
The Shaykh : No, no, but if it is said aqama, it becomes transitive.
The student: Qama...
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: It has a subject and is intransitive.
The Shaykh : Yes, it has a subject and is intransitive, because the substitute for the subject is not necessarily an object. The verbal noun may substitute for the subject, as in the verbal noun of qama. It may substitute for the subject other than the object. The verbal noun, yes. Ibn Malik says:
"And a substitute from an adverb or from a verbal noun *** or from a preposition, by right of substitution" Yes.
The student: What about the hidden substitute for the subject in the present tense verb?
The Shaykh : What about
The student: The hidden substitute for the subject in the present tense verb.
The Shaykh : How is it said? Yudrab al-rajul, yudrab kitha, and the student is honored. This is it, yes.
The student: When is the present tense verb contracted? If it is built for the subject, if it is built on four letters after being built for the known, for example yuqaddir, meaning the present tense letter is contracted.
The Shaykh : Yes, indeed.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : The letter before the last is opened.
The student: The letter before the last is not opened, it is broken.
The Shaykh : No, that is if it is for the subject, it is broken. If it is for the object, it is opened. The ambiguity is resolved.
The student: The position of raising. The position of raising is that if it is... on four letters, for example akram and karrama, yaqdim and yaqatil, meaning if it is on four letters, it is contracted.The Shaykh : The first letter is contracted.
The student: The first letter is contracted in the present tense...
The Shaykh : Yes, we mentioned this. Just as the letter before the last is broken for the known, like 'alima, we say 'ulima. The important thing is that there must be a difference. If the first letter is contracted, it is built for the subject. And if it is built for the object, the letter before the last must be opened. So in yu'kram, we say yu'kram, for the sake of distinction.
The student: And... meaning if it is four letters, it is contracted.
The Shaykh : Yes, it is known. If the present tense verb has a past tense of four letters, it is contracted, whether it begins with a hamza or not. Ta'lam, we say tu'lam. If it begins with a hamza, it is contracted, even if it is for the subject, like akram, yu'kram. Yes.