Mentioning some benefits regarding *kana* and its sisters, and *inna* and its sisters.
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : It is permissible for the benefit. It is permissible to place the predicate before the subject. It is permissible to place the predicate before the subject in this case and in this case, so you say:
*Kana qaiman Zaydun* (Zayd was standing). *Kana qaiman Zaydun* is correct, and its original form is *Kana Zaydun qaiman*. It is permissible to advance it. So if someone said to you, *Kana qaiman Zaydun*, you do not say it is an error, because based on the rule that passed over us, the noun is raised and the predicate is accusative. If he said *Kana qaiman Zayd*, a person who does not know that it is permissible to advance the predicate might say this is a mistake.
Allah the Exalted said:[Ar-Rum 30:47] And it was a right upon us. See, *haqqa* (right) is next to *kana*. *Nasru* (victory) is delayed; *Nasru* is its delayed noun, and *haqqa* is its advanced predicate. So this is a benefit. A benefit. Good.
This benefit is that it is permissible to advance the predicate of *kana* before its noun, so you say:
*Kana qaiman Zaydun* instead of *Kana Zaydun qaiman*. Good.
*Kana fi al-bayti 'Amrun* (In the house was 'Amr) instead of *Kana 'Amrun fi al-bayt* (In the house was 'Amr). It is permissible.
Also, the noun of *inna* can be delayed if the predicate is an adverb of time or place, or a preposition with its noun. If the predicate is an adverb of time or place, or a preposition with its noun, it is permissible to advance and delay the noun. For example, *Inna Zaydan fi al-bayt* (Indeed Zayd is in the house). *Inna Zaydan fi al-bayt* (Indeed Zayd is in the house). The predicate *fi al-bayt* (in the house) is a preposition with its noun, otherwise not.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Here, *fi al-bayt* (in the house) is a preposition with its noun. It is permissible to advance it, so you say:
*Inna fi al-bayt Zaydan* (Indeed in the house is Zayd). *Inna fi al-bayt Zaydan* (Indeed in the house is Zayd) is correct.
Allah the Exalted said: This benefit is important. It is permissible to advance the predicate of *kana* before its noun, and it is permissible to advance the predicate of *inna* before its noun if it is an adverb of time or place, or a preposition with its noun. Good.
*Inna 'indaka malan* (Indeed you have wealth) is correct. Good. *Inna malan 'indaka* (Indeed wealth is with you).
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : Correct. *Inna fi al-bayt Zaydan* (Indeed in the house is Zayd).
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : *Inna Zaydan fi al-bayt* (Indeed Zayd is in the house) is correct.
*Kana Zaydun qaiman* (Zayd was standing).
The student: It is not permissible.
The Shaykh : Correct. *Kana Zaydun qaiman* (Zayd was standing) is correct. *Kana qaiman Zayd* (Standing was Zayd) is correct. Clear. This benefit. Good. We parse *Kana qaiman Zayd* from the perspective of grammar. Upon it. Upon it.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : The third.
The student: The second.
The Shaykh : The second one. Good. Khalid.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Meaning the predicate is delayed. Its original state is that the predicate is always delayed.
The student : Shaykh
The Shaykh : Yes. Yes. Yes.
The student: In that.
The Shaykh : A lesson. He did not say *li-'ibratin* (a lesson) with a nominative case.
The student: In that is an advanced predicate.
The Shaykh : An advanced predicate. Well done. And *'ibratun* (a lesson) is a delayed noun. Good. So we mentioned yesterday that it should not be confused for us, because the student took that the noun of *kana* is raised and its predicate is accusative, and the noun of *inna* is accusative and its predicate is raised. We said it should not be confused for us. Sometimes the predicate is advanced in *kana* and its sisters, and the noun is advanced sometimes in *inna* and its sisters if it is an adverb of time or place, or a preposition with its noun. Good. Now do we take the grammar or do we take a new lesson? Here.
The student: A new lesson.
The Shaykh : A new lesson. Good. We take a new lesson and we take its grammar. Yes.
*Kana qaiman Zaydun* (Zayd was standing). *Kana qaiman Zaydun* is correct, and its original form is *Kana Zaydun qaiman*. It is permissible to advance it. So if someone said to you, *Kana qaiman Zaydun*, you do not say it is an error, because based on the rule that passed over us, the noun is raised and the predicate is accusative. If he said *Kana qaiman Zayd*, a person who does not know that it is permissible to advance the predicate might say this is a mistake.
Allah the Exalted said:
and incumbent upon Us was support of the believers.
وكان حقا علينا نصر المؤمنينThis benefit is that it is permissible to advance the predicate of *kana* before its noun, so you say:
*Kana qaiman Zaydun* instead of *Kana Zaydun qaiman*. Good.
*Kana fi al-bayti 'Amrun* (In the house was 'Amr) instead of *Kana 'Amrun fi al-bayt* (In the house was 'Amr). It is permissible.
Also, the noun of *inna* can be delayed if the predicate is an adverb of time or place, or a preposition with its noun. If the predicate is an adverb of time or place, or a preposition with its noun, it is permissible to advance and delay the noun. For example, *Inna Zaydan fi al-bayt* (Indeed Zayd is in the house). *Inna Zaydan fi al-bayt* (Indeed Zayd is in the house). The predicate *fi al-bayt* (in the house) is a preposition with its noun, otherwise not.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Here, *fi al-bayt* (in the house) is a preposition with its noun. It is permissible to advance it, so you say:
*Inna fi al-bayt Zaydan* (Indeed in the house is Zayd). *Inna fi al-bayt Zaydan* (Indeed in the house is Zayd) is correct.
Allah the Exalted said:
Indeed in that is a lesson
إنّ في ذلك لعبرةIndeed, in that is a lesson
إن في ذلك لعبرة*Inna 'indaka malan* (Indeed you have wealth) is correct. Good. *Inna malan 'indaka* (Indeed wealth is with you).
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : Correct. *Inna fi al-bayt Zaydan* (Indeed in the house is Zayd).
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : *Inna Zaydan fi al-bayt* (Indeed Zayd is in the house) is correct.
*Kana Zaydun qaiman* (Zayd was standing).
The student: It is not permissible.
The Shaykh : Correct. *Kana Zaydun qaiman* (Zayd was standing) is correct. *Kana qaiman Zayd* (Standing was Zayd) is correct. Clear. This benefit. Good. We parse *Kana qaiman Zayd* from the perspective of grammar. Upon it. Upon it.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : The third.
The student: The second.
The Shaykh : The second one. Good. Khalid.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Meaning the predicate is delayed. Its original state is that the predicate is always delayed.
The student : Shaykh
The Shaykh : Yes. Yes. Yes.
The student: In that.
The Shaykh : A lesson. He did not say *li-'ibratin* (a lesson) with a nominative case.
The student: In that is an advanced predicate.
The Shaykh : An advanced predicate. Well done. And *'ibratun* (a lesson) is a delayed noun. Good. So we mentioned yesterday that it should not be confused for us, because the student took that the noun of *kana* is raised and its predicate is accusative, and the noun of *inna* is accusative and its predicate is raised. We said it should not be confused for us. Sometimes the predicate is advanced in *kana* and its sisters, and the noun is advanced sometimes in *inna* and its sisters if it is an adverb of time or place, or a preposition with its noun. Good. Now do we take the grammar or do we take a new lesson? Here.
The student: A new lesson.
The Shaykh : A new lesson. Good. We take a new lesson and we take its grammar. Yes.