Parsing some examples regarding *kana* and its sisters
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : All right, let us take examples in order. We start with: The recorder was sound.
The student: *Kana*: past tense verb
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: The recorder
The Shaykh : It is not raised
The student: It raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: The recorder, the recorder
The Shaykh : Its name
The student: Its name is raised
The Shaykh : Raised by it
The student: Raised by it
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: And its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Recorder
The Shaykh : Sound
The student: Sound
The Shaykh : Yes, yes, you are not counting, that is fine, all right
The student: Sound is its predicate, put in the accusative, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the visible fathah on its end
The Shaykh : Okay.
The Shaykh : Do you take it or not?
The student: By Allah, yes
The Shaykh : Try it, all right, *zala*
The student: *Zala*.
The Shaykh : Past tense verb
The student: A past tense verb.
The Shaykh : Incomplete
The student: Incomplete past tense verb
The Shaykh : Yes, it raises the subject
The student: It raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : The rain
The student: The rain.
The Shaykh : The name of *zala*
The student: The name of *zala*
The Shaykh : Marfu'
The student: Raised by
The Shaykh : Raised by it
The student: Raised by it
The Shaykh : And its sign of raising.
The student: And its sign of being raised is the visible dammah in its end
The Shaykh : Descending
The student: Descending is its predicate
The Shaykh : Its predicate is put in the accusative by it
The student: Put in the accusative by it
The Shaykh : Yes, and its sign of being put in the accusative
The student: Its sign of being put in the accusative is the visible fathah
The Shaykh : Fine, the visible fathah on its end
The Shaykh : Come on, Khalid[Hud 11:118]
The student: The waw is according to what comes before it
The Shaykh : Yes, the waw is according to what comes before it, here
The student: No.
The Shaykh : No.
The student: It is a negation.
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: It is a negation.
The Shaykh : A negator.
The student: They do not cease, present tense verb
The Shaykh : Yes, incomplete
The student: Present tense verb.
The Shaykh : Incomplete
The student: Incomplete present tense verb, and the noon
The Shaykh : It raises the subject
The student: It raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And the waw
The Shaykh : And its sign of being raised is raised
The student: It raises
The Shaykh : And its sign of raising.
The student: And its sign of being raised
The Shaykh : The presence
The student: The noon
The Shaykh : Yes, and the waw
The student: The waw is its name
The Shaykh : Its name, well done, they are different
The student: Different is the predicate
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: It is raised.
The Shaykh : Its predicate is raised, it raises the predicate, it
The student: Accusative.
The Shaykh : Yes, different is its predicate
The student: Its predicate
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Accusative.
The Shaykh : Put in the accusative by it
The student: Put in the accusative by it
The Shaykh : Ah
The student: And its sign of being put in the accusative is the yaa
The Shaykh : The yaa
The student : The yaa (I).
The Shaykh : Yes, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the yaa in place of the fathah, because it is complete, O Shaykh, and what else? What do you give, people?
The student: A sound masculine plural.
The Shaykh : Sound masculine plural, because it is a sound masculine plural, from the tanween in the singular noun
The Shaykh :[Taha 20:91]
The student: *Lan*: a tool for putting in the accusative and reversing and jussive
The Shaykh : Wrong, a great, serious error
The student: *Lan*: a tool of negation
The Shaykh : Yes, a letter of negation
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : And what else?
The student: And putting in the accusative and jussive
The Shaykh : You combined the opposites, glory be to Allah
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Its correct meaning is that now you multiply three by three, you find it is nine shapes, now, may Allah guide you... this is from the tools of putting in the accusative, *lan* is a letter of negation and putting in the accusative, that is one
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No, you cannot, that is a joining...
The student: And expecting
The Shaykh : And expecting, all right, *lan* is a letter of negation, putting in the accusative, and expecting, come on, let us leave
The student: Let us leave, past tense verb, raised by the verb
The Shaykh : Reflect, my brother, let us leave is a past tense verb
The student: Present tense verb.
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: Present tense verb.
The Shaykh : And it is not possible for *lan* to enter a past tense, never, it is not possible, it is not possible to say *lan* struck, here
The student: Let us leave, present tense verb, raised by the visible dammah on its end
The Shaykh : There is no god but Allah, you just said put in the accusative, how do you say raised?
The student: Present tense verb, put in the accusative, yes
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: Put in the accusative by *lan*
The Shaykh : Put in the accusative by *lan*
The student: And its sign of being in the accusative is the visible fathah on its end
The Shaykh : All right, and it is incomplete
The student: And it is incomplete
The Shaykh : What does it do?
The student: It raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Okay.
The student: upon him
The Shaykh : Where is its name?
The student: Let us leave is upon it
The Shaykh : ... from breastfeeding, do you know grammar, here?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: ... the time...
The Shaykh : So where is the name of let us leave? We are done with let us leave, praise be to Allah, we finished with it, now we want the name of let us leave
The student: upon him
The Shaykh : Here, upon it... it is never possible to say at the end, what is *lan* let us leave upon it? That is we are hidden, obligatory, its estimation is
The student: ...
The Shaykh : All right, upon it
The student: A preposition and a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : Prostrating
The student: Prostrating is the predicate of *lan*
The Shaykh : The predicate of *lan*, how does it have a predicate? You said a little while ago, let us leave is an incomplete present tense verb, it raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The student: The predicate of let us leave
The Shaykh : The predicate of let us leave is put in the accusative
The student: Yes, put in the accusative by the yaa, by the fathah
The Shaykh : Put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being put in the accusative
The student: The fathah, prostrating
The Shaykh : Prostrating, a visible fathah on its end, are you sure? Yes
The student : The yaa (I).
The Shaykh : This is a sound masculine plural, and the sound masculine plural is put in the accusative by what?
The student: With the yaa
The Shaykh : All right, so prostrating is the predicate of let us leave, put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the yaa in place of, in place of what?
The student: The fathah.
The Shaykh : The fathah, because it is
The student: A sound masculine plural, and the noon is in place of the tanween
The Shaykh : Well done, good.
The Shaykh : The free man is not severe
The student: *Laysa* is a past tense verb
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Accusative.
The Shaykh : No.
The student: *Laysa* is a past tense verb, put in the accusative
The Shaykh : No.
The student: A past tense verb.
The Shaykh : Incomplete
The student: Incomplete
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: Incomplete
The Shaykh : It raises
The student: The subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : Yes, the free man
The student: The free man, the free man is its name, raised
The Shaykh : Raised by it
The student: Raised by it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end
The Shaykh : Yes, severe
The student: Severe is its predicate, put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the visible fathah on its end
The Shaykh : All right, if I said the free man is not severe
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Wrong, how do you tell me wrong, and I am the one teaching you, here?
The student: This is for my exam
The Shaykh : All right, so it is not correct
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : What do you say?
The student: The free man was severe
The Shaykh : Severe, fine
The Shaykh : Come on, Hajjaj, the man stayed awake
The student: *Bata* is an incomplete past tense verb, it raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : Incomplete past tense verb, it raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative, yes
The student: The man
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: The man is raised by it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end
The Shaykh : The man stayed awake
The student: Awake is its predicate, put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being put in the accusative is a visible fathah on its end
The Shaykh : If the speaker said the man stayed awake
The student: It is not correct.
The Shaykh : Not correct, why?
The student: Because of its factors, that it raises the predicate
The Shaykh : Its function is to raise the predicate and put in the accusative
The student: It raises the name and raises the predicate
The Shaykh : It raises the name and raises the predicate
The student: And puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : Yes, very well.
The Shaykh : Come on, *ma bara*...
The student: *Ma* is an incomplete past tense verb
The Shaykh : What?
The student: *Ma* is a built letter
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: A built letter
The Shaykh : *Bara*
The student: *Bara* is a past tense verb, its name
The Shaykh : Incomplete
The student: Its name is...
The Shaykh : What is incomplete? *Ma* remains, we have reached
The student: Incomplete
The Shaykh : It raises
The student: It raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Put in the accusative by the fathah
The Shaykh : You do not need to say put in the accusative, because the past tense verb is built on the fathah
The student: *Ma bara* al-Harith
The Shaykh : What?
The student: *Ma bara* the sentence
The Shaykh : No, bring it...
The student: *Ma bara*
The Shaykh : What do you say, people? Where is its name? The man, the man
The student: The man is its predicate, the predicate of *bara*
The Shaykh : No, no, if he is, O Khalid, you are good in grammar, *ma bara* the man regretful
The student: *Ma* is a negation and *bara* is a past tense verb built on the fathah
The Shaykh : Let it be, the thief is better, *ma bara* the thief regretful
The student: *Ma* is a negation and *bara* is a past tense verb built on the fathah, and the thief is the name of *bara*, raised
The Shaykh : *Ma* is a negation and *bara*
The student: *Bara* is a past tense verb, it raises the subject
The Shaykh : Incomplete past tense verb
The student: Incomplete past tense verb, it raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: And *bara* the man the thief
The Shaykh : What is the man the thief? Forget the man the thief
The student: The thief is the name of *bara*, raised by it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end
The Shaykh : Regretful
The student: Regretful is the predicate of *bara*, put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the visible fathah on its end
The Shaykh : Come on, Bukhari, the child remained laughing
The student: *Zala*: incomplete past tense verb... the child is its name, raised, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end, laughing is its predicate, its predicate is put in the accusative, and its sign of being put in the accusative
The Shaykh : Put in the accusative by it
The student: Put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the visible fathah on its end
The Shaykh : Correct, people, here?
The student: Correct
The Shaykh : The child remained laughing, if he said the child remained laughing
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Here, wrong, why?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Here, the child remained laughing, one of them is put in the accusative and one is raised, it does not leave the one, either the first or the second, it is correct, the child remained laughing, I gave you one put in the accusative and one raised
The student: It raises the subject, this is not correct, because it raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : This is not correct, because it raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative, what do you say, people, correct?
The Shaykh : Come on, Khalid, the sun became bright
The student: *Adh-ta* is an incomplete past tense verb
The Shaykh : *Adh-ta* all
The student: *Adha* only
The Shaykh : *Adha* is an incomplete past tense verb
The student: It raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: And the taa is the taa of femininity, it is sakin, it has no place in parsing
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: *Adh-ta* the sun
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: The sun is its name, raised by it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah in its end
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: *Adh-ta* the sun saying
The Shaykh : No, bright
The student: Bright, bright is its predicate, put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the visible fathah in its end, yes
The Shaykh : how
The student: Its predicate is put in the accusative, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the visible fathah in its end
The Shaykh : Yes, correct
The student: Correct
The Shaykh : What do you say?
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : Are you sure?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Here, yes, meaning it does not have a ghayn or it has such, all right
The Shaykh : Come on, the women became Muslims
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Correct.
The student: The women, not correct
The Shaykh : Not correct, the women became Muslims
The student: Muslims
The Shaykh : It is not correct.
The student: Muslims, the women became Muslims
The Shaykh : Allah is the Greatest, you make a mistake when I said Muslims, or you make a mistake yourself when you said Muslims, you break it
The student: The sound feminine plural is put in the accusative by the kasrah in place of the fathah
The Shaykh : Correct, O brothers.
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : Parse
The student: It became a defective past-tense verb built on the fathah.
The Shaykh : And what does it do?
The student: It raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: "Al-Nisa" (Women) is a noun that became nominative, and its sign of being nominative is the visible dammah on its end. "Muslimat" (believing women) is the predicate that became accusative, and its sign of being accusative is the visible kasrah on its end because it is a sound feminine plural.
The Shaykh : Okay.
The Shaykh : The brother, may Allah be merciful and compassionate.
The student: "Kana" (was) is a defective past-tense verb that raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case. "Allah" (the Glorious Name) is the name of "Kana."
The Shaykh : The Noble Name is the name of "Kana" here.
The student: The Noble Name is the name of "Kana."
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: It is raised by it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: "Ghafuran" (Forgiving) is its predicate, put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being accusative is the visible fathah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: "Rahiman" (Merciful) is an attribute.
The Shaykh : A second predicate.
The student: A second predicate.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: It is put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being accusative is the visible fathah on its end.
The Shaykh : Correct, everyone. Now.
The Shaykh : Come on... "Asba" (became) the patient healthy.
The student: "Asba" (became) is a defective past-tense verb that raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: And "al-Marid" (the patient) is the name of "Asba."
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Raised and its sign of raising is the visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes, good. Say it is raised by it.
The student: It is raised by it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: "Bari'an" (healthy).
The Shaykh : "Bari'an" (healthy).
The student: "Bari'an" (healthy).
The Shaykh : "Bari'an" (healthy).
The student: "Bari'an" (healthy).
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: It is the predicate of "Asba," put in the accusative, and its sign of being accusative is the visible fathah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes, correct, everyone.
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : The time is up now... here.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Are you sure? Come on... Take your example: "Kana Zaydun qaiman" (Zayd was standing).
The student: "Kana" (was) is a defective past-tense verb that raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: "Zaydun" is the name of "Kana," raised, and its sign of being raised is...
The Shaykh : It is raised by it.
The student: It is raised by it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Its predicate.
The Shaykh : standing
The student: "Qaiman" (standing) is the predicate of "Kana," put in the accusative, and its sign of being accusative is the visible dammah... the visible fathah on its end.
The Shaykh : The visible fathah. If someone said, "Kana Zaydun qaymun" (Zayd was standing [nominative]).
The student: "Kana Zaydun qaymun" (Zayd was standing [nominative]).
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Error.
The student: Because *kana* raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Now, if someone said, "Kana Zaydan qaymun" (Zayd [accusative] was standing [nominative]).
The student: That is also wrong.
The Shaykh : Wrong. If someone said, "Kana Zaydan qaiman" (Zayd [accusative] was standing [accusative]).
The student: "Zaydan qaiman" (Zayd [accusative] standing [accusative]).
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Even this.
The Shaykh : Wrong. So, is it correct? The correct form is "Kana Zaydun qaiman" (Zayd was standing) and nothing else, and Allah knows best. Like this. The brother was not present. Come on, the brother. Now... you took it.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : "Kana al-darsu sahlan" (The lesson was easy).
The student: "Kana" (was) is a defective past-tense verb that raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: "Kana al-dars" (was the lesson). "Al-dars" (the lesson) is a subject, raised.
The Shaykh : with it
The student: By it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Now, "sahlan" (easy) is the predicate for it.
The Shaykh : And just as the predicate in the chapter of the subject and predicate can be singular or non-singular, so the predicate with "Kana" and its sisters can be singular or non-singular.
It can be a preposition and a genitive: "Kana Zaydun fil-maktabah" (Zayd was in the library).
And an adverb of time or place: "Kana fawq al-sathh" (It was on the roof).
And a verb and a subject: "Kana Zaydun qama abuh" (Zayd was [such that] his father stood up).
And it can be a subject and a predicate: "Kana Zaydun abuh qaymun" (Zayd was [such that] his father was standing). Yes, "Kana Zaydun ya'jibuhu" (Zayd was [such that] it pleased him) such and such. "Kana Zaydun ya'jibuhu"Bulugh al-Maram 44
So, what is said about the subject and predicate is said about "Kana" and its sisters, except that they differ in their grammatical function: they raise the name, which is the subject for them, and put the predicate in the accusative, which is the predicate for them. Now, "Inna" and its sisters, we read.
The reader: In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds. And blessings and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his companions.
As for what follows,
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "As for 'Inna' and its sisters, they put the name in the accusative and raise the predicate. They are 'Inna,' 'Anna,' 'Lakin,' 'Kanna,' 'Layta,' and 'La'alla.' You say, 'Inna Zaydan qaymun' (Indeed, Zayd is standing), 'Layta 'Amran shakhisan' (I wish 'Amr were standing), and the like. The meaning of 'Inna' and 'Anna' is affirmation, 'Lakin' is resumption, 'Kanna' is comparison, 'Layta' is wishing, and 'La'alla' is hope and expectation."
The Shaykh : But.
The student: *Kana*: past tense verb
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: The recorder
The Shaykh : It is not raised
The student: It raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: The recorder, the recorder
The Shaykh : Its name
The student: Its name is raised
The Shaykh : Raised by it
The student: Raised by it
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: And its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Recorder
The Shaykh : Sound
The student: Sound
The Shaykh : Yes, yes, you are not counting, that is fine, all right
The student: Sound is its predicate, put in the accusative, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the visible fathah on its end
The Shaykh : Okay.
The Shaykh : Do you take it or not?
The student: By Allah, yes
The Shaykh : Try it, all right, *zala*
The student: *Zala*.
The Shaykh : Past tense verb
The student: A past tense verb.
The Shaykh : Incomplete
The student: Incomplete past tense verb
The Shaykh : Yes, it raises the subject
The student: It raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : The rain
The student: The rain.
The Shaykh : The name of *zala*
The student: The name of *zala*
The Shaykh : Marfu'
The student: Raised by
The Shaykh : Raised by it
The student: Raised by it
The Shaykh : And its sign of raising.
The student: And its sign of being raised is the visible dammah in its end
The Shaykh : Descending
The student: Descending is its predicate
The Shaykh : Its predicate is put in the accusative by it
The student: Put in the accusative by it
The Shaykh : Yes, and its sign of being put in the accusative
The student: Its sign of being put in the accusative is the visible fathah
The Shaykh : Fine, the visible fathah on its end
The Shaykh : Come on, Khalid
but they will not cease to differ.
ولا يزالون مختلفينThe student: The waw is according to what comes before it
The Shaykh : Yes, the waw is according to what comes before it, here
The student: No.
The Shaykh : No.
The student: It is a negation.
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: It is a negation.
The Shaykh : A negator.
The student: They do not cease, present tense verb
The Shaykh : Yes, incomplete
The student: Present tense verb.
The Shaykh : Incomplete
The student: Incomplete present tense verb, and the noon
The Shaykh : It raises the subject
The student: It raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And the waw
The Shaykh : And its sign of being raised is raised
The student: It raises
The Shaykh : And its sign of raising.
The student: And its sign of being raised
The Shaykh : The presence
The student: The noon
The Shaykh : Yes, and the waw
The student: The waw is its name
The Shaykh : Its name, well done, they are different
The student: Different is the predicate
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: It is raised.
The Shaykh : Its predicate is raised, it raises the predicate, it
The student: Accusative.
The Shaykh : Yes, different is its predicate
The student: Its predicate
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Accusative.
The Shaykh : Put in the accusative by it
The student: Put in the accusative by it
The Shaykh : Ah
The student: And its sign of being put in the accusative is the yaa
The Shaykh : The yaa
The student : The yaa (I).
The Shaykh : Yes, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the yaa in place of the fathah, because it is complete, O Shaykh, and what else? What do you give, people?
The student: A sound masculine plural.
The Shaykh : Sound masculine plural, because it is a sound masculine plural, from the tanween in the singular noun
The Shaykh :
We will never cease being devoted to the calf
لن نبرح عليه عاكفينThe student: *Lan*: a tool for putting in the accusative and reversing and jussive
The Shaykh : Wrong, a great, serious error
The student: *Lan*: a tool of negation
The Shaykh : Yes, a letter of negation
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : And what else?
The student: And putting in the accusative and jussive
The Shaykh : You combined the opposites, glory be to Allah
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Its correct meaning is that now you multiply three by three, you find it is nine shapes, now, may Allah guide you... this is from the tools of putting in the accusative, *lan* is a letter of negation and putting in the accusative, that is one
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No, you cannot, that is a joining...
The student: And expecting
The Shaykh : And expecting, all right, *lan* is a letter of negation, putting in the accusative, and expecting, come on, let us leave
The student: Let us leave, past tense verb, raised by the verb
The Shaykh : Reflect, my brother, let us leave is a past tense verb
The student: Present tense verb.
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: Present tense verb.
The Shaykh : And it is not possible for *lan* to enter a past tense, never, it is not possible, it is not possible to say *lan* struck, here
The student: Let us leave, present tense verb, raised by the visible dammah on its end
The Shaykh : There is no god but Allah, you just said put in the accusative, how do you say raised?
The student: Present tense verb, put in the accusative, yes
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: Put in the accusative by *lan*
The Shaykh : Put in the accusative by *lan*
The student: And its sign of being in the accusative is the visible fathah on its end
The Shaykh : All right, and it is incomplete
The student: And it is incomplete
The Shaykh : What does it do?
The student: It raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Okay.
The student: upon him
The Shaykh : Where is its name?
The student: Let us leave is upon it
The Shaykh : ... from breastfeeding, do you know grammar, here?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: ... the time...
The Shaykh : So where is the name of let us leave? We are done with let us leave, praise be to Allah, we finished with it, now we want the name of let us leave
The student: upon him
The Shaykh : Here, upon it... it is never possible to say at the end, what is *lan* let us leave upon it? That is we are hidden, obligatory, its estimation is
The student: ...
The Shaykh : All right, upon it
The student: A preposition and a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : Prostrating
The student: Prostrating is the predicate of *lan*
The Shaykh : The predicate of *lan*, how does it have a predicate? You said a little while ago, let us leave is an incomplete present tense verb, it raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The student: The predicate of let us leave
The Shaykh : The predicate of let us leave is put in the accusative
The student: Yes, put in the accusative by the yaa, by the fathah
The Shaykh : Put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being put in the accusative
The student: The fathah, prostrating
The Shaykh : Prostrating, a visible fathah on its end, are you sure? Yes
The student : The yaa (I).
The Shaykh : This is a sound masculine plural, and the sound masculine plural is put in the accusative by what?
The student: With the yaa
The Shaykh : All right, so prostrating is the predicate of let us leave, put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the yaa in place of, in place of what?
The student: The fathah.
The Shaykh : The fathah, because it is
The student: A sound masculine plural, and the noon is in place of the tanween
The Shaykh : Well done, good.
The Shaykh : The free man is not severe
The student: *Laysa* is a past tense verb
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Accusative.
The Shaykh : No.
The student: *Laysa* is a past tense verb, put in the accusative
The Shaykh : No.
The student: A past tense verb.
The Shaykh : Incomplete
The student: Incomplete
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: Incomplete
The Shaykh : It raises
The student: The subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : Yes, the free man
The student: The free man, the free man is its name, raised
The Shaykh : Raised by it
The student: Raised by it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end
The Shaykh : Yes, severe
The student: Severe is its predicate, put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the visible fathah on its end
The Shaykh : All right, if I said the free man is not severe
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Wrong, how do you tell me wrong, and I am the one teaching you, here?
The student: This is for my exam
The Shaykh : All right, so it is not correct
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : What do you say?
The student: The free man was severe
The Shaykh : Severe, fine
The Shaykh : Come on, Hajjaj, the man stayed awake
The student: *Bata* is an incomplete past tense verb, it raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : Incomplete past tense verb, it raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative, yes
The student: The man
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: The man is raised by it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end
The Shaykh : The man stayed awake
The student: Awake is its predicate, put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being put in the accusative is a visible fathah on its end
The Shaykh : If the speaker said the man stayed awake
The student: It is not correct.
The Shaykh : Not correct, why?
The student: Because of its factors, that it raises the predicate
The Shaykh : Its function is to raise the predicate and put in the accusative
The student: It raises the name and raises the predicate
The Shaykh : It raises the name and raises the predicate
The student: And puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : Yes, very well.
The Shaykh : Come on, *ma bara*...
The student: *Ma* is an incomplete past tense verb
The Shaykh : What?
The student: *Ma* is a built letter
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: A built letter
The Shaykh : *Bara*
The student: *Bara* is a past tense verb, its name
The Shaykh : Incomplete
The student: Its name is...
The Shaykh : What is incomplete? *Ma* remains, we have reached
The student: Incomplete
The Shaykh : It raises
The student: It raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Put in the accusative by the fathah
The Shaykh : You do not need to say put in the accusative, because the past tense verb is built on the fathah
The student: *Ma bara* al-Harith
The Shaykh : What?
The student: *Ma bara* the sentence
The Shaykh : No, bring it...
The student: *Ma bara*
The Shaykh : What do you say, people? Where is its name? The man, the man
The student: The man is its predicate, the predicate of *bara*
The Shaykh : No, no, if he is, O Khalid, you are good in grammar, *ma bara* the man regretful
The student: *Ma* is a negation and *bara* is a past tense verb built on the fathah
The Shaykh : Let it be, the thief is better, *ma bara* the thief regretful
The student: *Ma* is a negation and *bara* is a past tense verb built on the fathah, and the thief is the name of *bara*, raised
The Shaykh : *Ma* is a negation and *bara*
The student: *Bara* is a past tense verb, it raises the subject
The Shaykh : Incomplete past tense verb
The student: Incomplete past tense verb, it raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: And *bara* the man the thief
The Shaykh : What is the man the thief? Forget the man the thief
The student: The thief is the name of *bara*, raised by it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end
The Shaykh : Regretful
The student: Regretful is the predicate of *bara*, put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the visible fathah on its end
The Shaykh : Come on, Bukhari, the child remained laughing
The student: *Zala*: incomplete past tense verb... the child is its name, raised, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end, laughing is its predicate, its predicate is put in the accusative, and its sign of being put in the accusative
The Shaykh : Put in the accusative by it
The student: Put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the visible fathah on its end
The Shaykh : Correct, people, here?
The student: Correct
The Shaykh : The child remained laughing, if he said the child remained laughing
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Here, wrong, why?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Here, the child remained laughing, one of them is put in the accusative and one is raised, it does not leave the one, either the first or the second, it is correct, the child remained laughing, I gave you one put in the accusative and one raised
The student: It raises the subject, this is not correct, because it raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative
The Shaykh : This is not correct, because it raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative, what do you say, people, correct?
The Shaykh : Come on, Khalid, the sun became bright
The student: *Adh-ta* is an incomplete past tense verb
The Shaykh : *Adh-ta* all
The student: *Adha* only
The Shaykh : *Adha* is an incomplete past tense verb
The student: It raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: And the taa is the taa of femininity, it is sakin, it has no place in parsing
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: *Adh-ta* the sun
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: The sun is its name, raised by it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah in its end
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: *Adh-ta* the sun saying
The Shaykh : No, bright
The student: Bright, bright is its predicate, put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the visible fathah in its end, yes
The Shaykh : how
The student: Its predicate is put in the accusative, and its sign of being put in the accusative is the visible fathah in its end
The Shaykh : Yes, correct
The student: Correct
The Shaykh : What do you say?
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : Are you sure?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Here, yes, meaning it does not have a ghayn or it has such, all right
The Shaykh : Come on, the women became Muslims
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Correct.
The student: The women, not correct
The Shaykh : Not correct, the women became Muslims
The student: Muslims
The Shaykh : It is not correct.
The student: Muslims, the women became Muslims
The Shaykh : Allah is the Greatest, you make a mistake when I said Muslims, or you make a mistake yourself when you said Muslims, you break it
The student: The sound feminine plural is put in the accusative by the kasrah in place of the fathah
The Shaykh : Correct, O brothers.
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : Parse
The student: It became a defective past-tense verb built on the fathah.
The Shaykh : And what does it do?
The student: It raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: "Al-Nisa" (Women) is a noun that became nominative, and its sign of being nominative is the visible dammah on its end. "Muslimat" (believing women) is the predicate that became accusative, and its sign of being accusative is the visible kasrah on its end because it is a sound feminine plural.
The Shaykh : Okay.
The Shaykh : The brother, may Allah be merciful and compassionate.
The student: "Kana" (was) is a defective past-tense verb that raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case. "Allah" (the Glorious Name) is the name of "Kana."
The Shaykh : The Noble Name is the name of "Kana" here.
The student: The Noble Name is the name of "Kana."
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: It is raised by it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: "Ghafuran" (Forgiving) is its predicate, put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being accusative is the visible fathah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: "Rahiman" (Merciful) is an attribute.
The Shaykh : A second predicate.
The student: A second predicate.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: It is put in the accusative by it, and its sign of being accusative is the visible fathah on its end.
The Shaykh : Correct, everyone. Now.
The Shaykh : Come on... "Asba" (became) the patient healthy.
The student: "Asba" (became) is a defective past-tense verb that raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: And "al-Marid" (the patient) is the name of "Asba."
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Raised and its sign of raising is the visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes, good. Say it is raised by it.
The student: It is raised by it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: "Bari'an" (healthy).
The Shaykh : "Bari'an" (healthy).
The student: "Bari'an" (healthy).
The Shaykh : "Bari'an" (healthy).
The student: "Bari'an" (healthy).
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: It is the predicate of "Asba," put in the accusative, and its sign of being accusative is the visible fathah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes, correct, everyone.
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : The time is up now... here.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Are you sure? Come on... Take your example: "Kana Zaydun qaiman" (Zayd was standing).
The student: "Kana" (was) is a defective past-tense verb that raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: "Zaydun" is the name of "Kana," raised, and its sign of being raised is...
The Shaykh : It is raised by it.
The student: It is raised by it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Its predicate.
The Shaykh : standing
The student: "Qaiman" (standing) is the predicate of "Kana," put in the accusative, and its sign of being accusative is the visible dammah... the visible fathah on its end.
The Shaykh : The visible fathah. If someone said, "Kana Zaydun qaymun" (Zayd was standing [nominative]).
The student: "Kana Zaydun qaymun" (Zayd was standing [nominative]).
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Error
The Shaykh : Error.
The student: Because *kana* raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Now, if someone said, "Kana Zaydan qaymun" (Zayd [accusative] was standing [nominative]).
The student: That is also wrong.
The Shaykh : Wrong. If someone said, "Kana Zaydan qaiman" (Zayd [accusative] was standing [accusative]).
The student: "Zaydan qaiman" (Zayd [accusative] standing [accusative]).
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Even this.
The Shaykh : Wrong. So, is it correct? The correct form is "Kana Zaydun qaiman" (Zayd was standing) and nothing else, and Allah knows best. Like this. The brother was not present. Come on, the brother. Now... you took it.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : "Kana al-darsu sahlan" (The lesson was easy).
The student: "Kana" (was) is a defective past-tense verb that raises the subject and puts the predicate in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: "Kana al-dars" (was the lesson). "Al-dars" (the lesson) is a subject, raised.
The Shaykh : with it
The student: By it, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Now, "sahlan" (easy) is the predicate for it.
The Shaykh : And just as the predicate in the chapter of the subject and predicate can be singular or non-singular, so the predicate with "Kana" and its sisters can be singular or non-singular.
It can be a preposition and a genitive: "Kana Zaydun fil-maktabah" (Zayd was in the library).
And an adverb of time or place: "Kana fawq al-sathh" (It was on the roof).
And a verb and a subject: "Kana Zaydun qama abuh" (Zayd was [such that] his father stood up).
And it can be a subject and a predicate: "Kana Zaydun abuh qaymun" (Zayd was [such that] his father was standing). Yes, "Kana Zaydun ya'jibuhu" (Zayd was [such that] it pleased him) such and such. "Kana Zaydun ya'jibuhu"
Allah’s Messenger (rad) loved to begin with the right while putting on his shoes, combing his hair, in his purification and in all his affairs
كذا كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يعجبه التيامن في تنعله وترجله وطهوره وفي شأنه كلهSo, what is said about the subject and predicate is said about "Kana" and its sisters, except that they differ in their grammatical function: they raise the name, which is the subject for them, and put the predicate in the accusative, which is the predicate for them. Now, "Inna" and its sisters, we read.
The reader: In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds. And blessings and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his companions.
As for what follows,
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "As for 'Inna' and its sisters, they put the name in the accusative and raise the predicate. They are 'Inna,' 'Anna,' 'Lakin,' 'Kanna,' 'Layta,' and 'La'alla.' You say, 'Inna Zaydan qaymun' (Indeed, Zayd is standing), 'Layta 'Amran shakhisan' (I wish 'Amr were standing), and the like. The meaning of 'Inna' and 'Anna' is affirmation, 'Lakin' is resumption, 'Kanna' is comparison, 'Layta' is wishing, and 'La'alla' is hope and expectation."
The Shaykh : But.