The ruling on one who made a vow and was unable to fulfill it
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Question:
One of them made a vow, but he was unable to fulfill it for Allah. What should he do? Should he wait until he is able, or is there an expiation?
Answer:
He should wait until Allah enables him. So if one vows to fast but is struck by an illness, he waits until the illness ends. Or if he vows to give charity with money and he does not have the money, it remains a debt on him, so whenever it becomes easy for him, he gives the charity. And if he dies while unable to do so, he owes nothing, but it is paid out of his estate if he has one. For example, if he says, "It is obligatory upon me to give one thousand riyals in charity to the poor and the needy," and he dies while unable to give the charity, and he leaves behind an estate, then this right is paid from it, just as debts owed to people are paid. The right of Allah is paid out of the estate, and this vow is fulfilled on his behalf.
Likewise, if he vows to fast, his awliya (close friends of Allah), such as his brother, his uncle, and his son, fast on his behalf. This is based on his saying (peace and blessings be upon him):Sahih Muslim 1147 If they do not fast, they should give charity on his behalf, feeding one poor person for each day, feeding one poor person for each day. Yes.
The presenter : May Allah reward you with good.
One of them made a vow, but he was unable to fulfill it for Allah. What should he do? Should he wait until he is able, or is there an expiation?
Answer:
He should wait until Allah enables him. So if one vows to fast but is struck by an illness, he waits until the illness ends. Or if he vows to give charity with money and he does not have the money, it remains a debt on him, so whenever it becomes easy for him, he gives the charity. And if he dies while unable to do so, he owes nothing, but it is paid out of his estate if he has one. For example, if he says, "It is obligatory upon me to give one thousand riyals in charity to the poor and the needy," and he dies while unable to give the charity, and he leaves behind an estate, then this right is paid from it, just as debts owed to people are paid. The right of Allah is paid out of the estate, and this vow is fulfilled on his behalf.
Likewise, if he vows to fast, his awliya (close friends of Allah), such as his brother, his uncle, and his son, fast on his behalf. This is based on his saying (peace and blessings be upon him):
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: If anyone dies in a state (that he had to complete) some fasts, his heir must fast on his behalf.
من مات وعليه صيام صام عنه وليهThe presenter : May Allah reward you with good.
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.