What are the types of riba?
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Question:
May Allah reward you, Your Eminence the Shaykh: Perhaps you could clarify the types of forbidden riba? May Allah reward you with good.
Answer:
Riba is well known and clear in the books of the scholars, in the books of hadith and the books of Islamic jurisprudence in the chapter on riba. Many hadiths have been reported regarding it. Therefore, it is obligatory for the believer to study this matter and ask the scholars. If he is a student of knowledge, he should consult the books of the scholars until he knows the reality of riba, what it applies to, and what it does not apply to; because this requires extensive research. However, the believer should attend to this by asking the scholars.
And among what has been reported regarding this is the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):. This is one of the types of riba, namely taking one pound for two pounds, or one dirham for two dirhams. This is explicit riba. Likewise, taking a sa' of wheat for two sa' of wheat, or a sa' of rice for two sa' of rice, or a sa' of dates for two sa' of dates, or a sa' of salt for two sa' of salt, or the like, meaning: for more. All of this is not permissible, whether in cash or on credit.
As for if he wants to buy gold with silver, there is no harm, hand to hand. He buys it for twenty riyals or one hundred riyals, hand to hand, there is no harm; because they are two different species. Or he buys a sa' of rice for two sa' of wheat, or two sa' of rice for a sa' of wheat, or the like; because the species is different. If these species differ, there is no harm hand to hand. Or he buys a sa' of salt for two sa' of rice, or for half a sa' of wheat, or the like. There is no harm if the species differs. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sahih Muslim 1587c, meaning: it is taken possession of immediately. So if he takes a sa' of rice for a sa' and a half of wheat, or a sa' of wheat for two sa' of barley, hand to hand, or a sa' of salt for half a sa' of wheat, hand to hand, there is no harm. Or a pound of gold for one hundred riyals of silver, hand to hand, or for one hundred dollars, or less, or more, hand to hand, and they exchange possession in the assembly, there is no harm.
The presenter: What is riba al-nasi'ah, Your Eminence the Shaykh?
The Shaykh: Selling a ribawi item for a ribawi item on credit. This is riba al-nasi'ah. He sells gold for silver on credit, he sells dates for barley on credit, he sells dates for wheat on credit. This is riba al-nasi'ah, meaning: not exchanging possession in the assembly.
The presenter: And what is riba al-fadl?
The Shaykh: Riba al-fadl: one riyal for two riyals, and one pound for two pounds. This is riba al-fadl. A sa' of wheat for two sa', a sa' of rice for two sa', a sa' of dates for two sa'. One species becomes more than this.
The presenter: May Allah reward you, O honorable Shaykh, and may Allah bless you and your knowledge and benefit the Muslims through you.
May Allah reward you, Your Eminence the Shaykh: Perhaps you could clarify the types of forbidden riba? May Allah reward you with good.
Answer:
Riba is well known and clear in the books of the scholars, in the books of hadith and the books of Islamic jurisprudence in the chapter on riba. Many hadiths have been reported regarding it. Therefore, it is obligatory for the believer to study this matter and ask the scholars. If he is a student of knowledge, he should consult the books of the scholars until he knows the reality of riba, what it applies to, and what it does not apply to; because this requires extensive research. However, the believer should attend to this by asking the scholars.
And among what has been reported regarding this is the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):
Gold for gold, like for like, and silver for silver, like for like, and wheat for wheat, like for like, and dates for dates, like for like, and barley for barley, like for like, and salt for salt, like for like. So whoever increases or asks for an increase has committed riba.
الذهب بالذهب مثلًا بمثل، والفضة بالفضة مثلًا بمثل، والبر بالبر مثلًا بمثل، والتمر بالتمر مثلًا بمثل، والشعير بالشعير مثلًا بمثل، والملح بالملح مثلًا بمثل فمن زاد أو استزاد فقد أربىAs for if he wants to buy gold with silver, there is no harm, hand to hand. He buys it for twenty riyals or one hundred riyals, hand to hand, there is no harm; because they are two different species. Or he buys a sa' of rice for two sa' of wheat, or two sa' of rice for a sa' of wheat, or the like; because the species is different. If these species differ, there is no harm hand to hand. Or he buys a sa' of salt for two sa' of rice, or for half a sa' of wheat, or the like. There is no harm if the species differs. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
If these classes differ, then sell as you wish if payment is made hand to hand.
إذا اختلفت هذه الأجناس فبيعوا كيف شئتم إذا كان يدًا بيدThe presenter: What is riba al-nasi'ah, Your Eminence the Shaykh?
The Shaykh: Selling a ribawi item for a ribawi item on credit. This is riba al-nasi'ah. He sells gold for silver on credit, he sells dates for barley on credit, he sells dates for wheat on credit. This is riba al-nasi'ah, meaning: not exchanging possession in the assembly.
The presenter: And what is riba al-fadl?
The Shaykh: Riba al-fadl: one riyal for two riyals, and one pound for two pounds. This is riba al-fadl. A sa' of wheat for two sa', a sa' of rice for two sa', a sa' of dates for two sa'. One species becomes more than this.
The presenter: May Allah reward you, O honorable Shaykh, and may Allah bless you and your knowledge and benefit the Muslims through you.
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.