Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And other than a recommended one and a hidden one, and what *** came as a call for help, may be stripped of its subject."
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The Shaykh : The author says:
"And other than a recommended one and a hidden one, and what *** came as a call for help, may be stripped of its subject"
"And other than a recommended one and a hidden one, and what *** came as a call for help, may be stripped":
And what does "may be stripped" mean? It means stripped of the particle of address.
"So know": You say, for example, "O Zayd," and you say, "Zayd," or not?!
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : You say, "Zayd, stand up," and you say, "O Zayd, stand up," and there is no blame on you, or not? Are you sure?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Yes.
Another student: O Shaykh, is the verb near or far?
The Shaykh : It does not matter if the verb is near or far; rather, you say, "Zayd," addressing him, and you drop the particle of address. Good, and you say, "Zahra," addressing her, "Zahra"?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : "Zahra," here?
The student: It is not permissible.
The Shaykh : "Ra," it is not permissible.
The student: Other than a recommended one.
The Shaykh : Because it is a recommended one, and Ibn Malik says: "And other than a recommended one". So if one says, "O Zahra," "O friend," "O sisters," and the like, we say: It is not permissible to drop the "wa" (and). The reason?
The student: Because it is a recommended one.
The Shaykh : Because it is a recommended one, and Ibn Malik says: It is not possible to drop it. The reason for this is that if we dropped it, we would not know that it is an address, and it is a particle brought to indicate a specific meaning in address, so it is not permissible to be dropped. If we dropped it, this purpose would be lost. And likewise: "And a hidden one": meaning, the hidden addressee, from which the "ya" of address is not dropped. The apparent meaning of the author's words is that the pronoun is addressed absolutely. Some grammarians said: The pronoun is not addressed absolutely. And others said: The pronoun of the person addressed is addressed, unlike the others, so it is said: "O you." Yes, did you understand?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : "O you, I have helped you," "O you, I have benefited you," and so on, so you address instead of saying "O so-and-so," you say: "O you, I have benefited you," "O you, I have fed you." What is the meaning: "O you, I have fed you"? Here?
The student: O so-and-so, I have fed you.
The Shaykh : "O so-and-so," its meaning is "O so-and-so," instead of saying: "O Zayd," "O 'Abdullah," I say: "O you, I did such and such with you." Good.
But the pronoun of the absent person: "O him," the apparent meaning of Ibn Malik's words is that it is permissible, but the famous view is that it is not permissible. If it were said: It is not permissible except in what has been heard, that would be sound. The pronoun is not addressed unless it has been heard, so it is memorized and not analogized to. Good.
"And what *** came as a call for help":
And what came as a call for help: it may be stripped. We will come to a specific chapter on calling for help in Ibn Malik's words. So you say, for example, you call for help to Allah the Exalted, you lament for the Muslims, you say: "O Allah, for the Muslims," "O Allah, for the Muslims." "Ya" enters the one called for help, and its "lam" is open in it: "O Allah, for the Muslims." Is it permissible?
"O traffic officer, for the one who cut the signal," here? Is it appropriate or not?
The student: It is correct.
The Shaykh : Yes, it is appropriate. You call for help to the traffic officer for the one who cut the signal. The author says: If the particle of address enters the one called for help, it is not possible to drop it, so it is not correct to say: "Allah, for the Muslims." This is not permissible. It is necessary to mention the particle of address.
"And other than a recommended one and a hidden one, and what *** came as a call for help, may be stripped of its subject"
"And other than a recommended one and a hidden one, and what *** came as a call for help, may be stripped":
And what does "may be stripped" mean? It means stripped of the particle of address.
"So know": You say, for example, "O Zayd," and you say, "Zayd," or not?!
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : You say, "Zayd, stand up," and you say, "O Zayd, stand up," and there is no blame on you, or not? Are you sure?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Yes.
Another student: O Shaykh, is the verb near or far?
The Shaykh : It does not matter if the verb is near or far; rather, you say, "Zayd," addressing him, and you drop the particle of address. Good, and you say, "Zahra," addressing her, "Zahra"?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : "Zahra," here?
The student: It is not permissible.
The Shaykh : "Ra," it is not permissible.
The student: Other than a recommended one.
The Shaykh : Because it is a recommended one, and Ibn Malik says: "And other than a recommended one". So if one says, "O Zahra," "O friend," "O sisters," and the like, we say: It is not permissible to drop the "wa" (and). The reason?
The student: Because it is a recommended one.
The Shaykh : Because it is a recommended one, and Ibn Malik says: It is not possible to drop it. The reason for this is that if we dropped it, we would not know that it is an address, and it is a particle brought to indicate a specific meaning in address, so it is not permissible to be dropped. If we dropped it, this purpose would be lost. And likewise: "And a hidden one": meaning, the hidden addressee, from which the "ya" of address is not dropped. The apparent meaning of the author's words is that the pronoun is addressed absolutely. Some grammarians said: The pronoun is not addressed absolutely. And others said: The pronoun of the person addressed is addressed, unlike the others, so it is said: "O you." Yes, did you understand?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : "O you, I have helped you," "O you, I have benefited you," and so on, so you address instead of saying "O so-and-so," you say: "O you, I have benefited you," "O you, I have fed you." What is the meaning: "O you, I have fed you"? Here?
The student: O so-and-so, I have fed you.
The Shaykh : "O so-and-so," its meaning is "O so-and-so," instead of saying: "O Zayd," "O 'Abdullah," I say: "O you, I did such and such with you." Good.
But the pronoun of the absent person: "O him," the apparent meaning of Ibn Malik's words is that it is permissible, but the famous view is that it is not permissible. If it were said: It is not permissible except in what has been heard, that would be sound. The pronoun is not addressed unless it has been heard, so it is memorized and not analogized to. Good.
"And what *** came as a call for help":
And what came as a call for help: it may be stripped. We will come to a specific chapter on calling for help in Ibn Malik's words. So you say, for example, you call for help to Allah the Exalted, you lament for the Muslims, you say: "O Allah, for the Muslims," "O Allah, for the Muslims." "Ya" enters the one called for help, and its "lam" is open in it: "O Allah, for the Muslims." Is it permissible?
"O traffic officer, for the one who cut the signal," here? Is it appropriate or not?
The student: It is correct.
The Shaykh : Yes, it is appropriate. You call for help to the traffic officer for the one who cut the signal. The author says: If the particle of address enters the one called for help, it is not possible to drop it, so it is not correct to say: "Allah, for the Muslims." This is not permissible. It is necessary to mention the particle of address.