Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And the verb among its names is 'alayka *** and likewise 'dunaka' with 'ilayka'."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh :"And the verb among its names is 'alayka'"
The verb is the subject (mubtada'), and "among its names" is a prepositional phrase serving as a preceding predicate (khabar muqaddam), and "alayka" is a delayed subject (mubtada' mu'akhkhar). What is the sentence?
The student: The predicate of the subject.
The Shaykh : It is the predicate of the subject, meaning that among the names of verbs is "alayka." You say: "Alayka Zayd" meaning: "Hold on," "Hold on to Zayd." And we say in the colloquial language "alayka bihi," "alayka bi-Zayd," meaning: "Hold on to him." How do you parse "alayka"? We say: "Alayka" is a verb of command (ism fa'il amr) meaning what?
The student: Hold on.
The Shaykh : Hold on. And it is built on the fathah for what reason? To accommodate? To accommodate the form, because "alayka" is a prepositional phrase, and its form remains as a prepositional phrase. Okay, "alayka Zayd," we say: "Alayka" is a verb of command built on the fathah, and it contains a hidden pronoun that is obligatory to be estimated as "you." Did you understand? And this kaf is part of the verb's structure, otherwise we would say the kaf of address is the doer. And "Zayd"? Here?
The student: It is the object of the verb.
The Shaykh : It is the object (maf'ul bihi) in the accusative case, marked by the visible fathah.
"And likewise 'dunaka'"
"Hakadha" (likewise) is also among the names of verbs. "Dunaka" is originally an adverb of place, not a verb of command. Its origin is the adverb "dun" (without) attached to the kaf of address; that is the origin. But it is used as a verb of command meaning: "Take." You say: "Dunaka al-kitab" meaning: "Take it." Similarly, "ilayka" is originally a prepositional phrase, where "ila" is a preposition and the kaf is a noun in the genitive case. It is used as a verb of command meaning: "Move away." "Move away" means: "Keep away from me." Yes.
"Ilayka 'anni fa-inni 'ankum mashghul"
Yes, and "ilayka" means what?
The student: Move away.
The Shaykh : Move away. Ibn al-Qayyim mentioned once in *Bada'i' al-Fawa'id*. *Bada'i' al-Fawa'id* is a book by Ibn al-Qayyim, named *Bada'i' al-Fawa'id*. It is not organized by chapters; whenever a benefit occurred to him, he wrote it in this book, but it is a good book. He researched "hamida" (praise) and "madh" (commendation) and how the Arabs distinguished between them, assigning this one a meaning and that one a meaning, even though the letters are the same. He elaborated, as was his habit (may Allah have mercy on him), with a long wind. He said: "And our Shaykh, when he researched this matter, brought forth wonders upon wonders." The Shaykh means what?
The student: Ibn Taymiyyah.
The Shaykh : Ibn Taymiyyah. But as the poet said:
"The lightning flashed in Najd, so I said to it: *** Move away from me, for I am busy with you"
He was busy with what is more important than grammatical discussions (may Allah have mercy on him). He was busy debating whom?
The student: The philosophers.
The Shaykh : The philosophers, the logicians, the people of Kalam, and others, as is known from his writings (may Allah have mercy on him and reward him with good). So, the result of his saying "ilayka 'anni" means: "Move away from me."
"The lightning flashed in Najd, so I said to it: *** Move away from me, for I am busy with you"
Very well.
"And likewise 'dunaka' with 'ilayka'
Likewise, Ruwayd
The student: Is the parsing the same, O Shaykh?
The Shaykh : Like the first one, yes. For example, you say: "Dunaka al-kitab," "Dunaka al-kitab." "Dunaka" is a verb of command built on the fathah, and the doer is a hidden pronoun that is obligatory to be estimated as what? "You." "Al-kitab"?
The student: It is the object of the verb.
The Shaykh : It is the object in the accusative case, and its marker of accusative is the visible fathah at its end. And "ilayka" is like it. Yes, did he not say?
The student: O Shaykh?
The student: Yes.
The student: Does "ilayka" come before anything other than "'anni"?
The Shaykh : If you said "ilayka ba'ida" (far away), it is "'anni." There must be something omitted in the speech; the prepositional phrase is omitted. "Ilayka ba'ida" means what?
The student: "Ilayka 'anni."
The Shaykh : Move away from me, far away. You must include it.
The verb is the subject (mubtada'), and "among its names" is a prepositional phrase serving as a preceding predicate (khabar muqaddam), and "alayka" is a delayed subject (mubtada' mu'akhkhar). What is the sentence?
The student: The predicate of the subject.
The Shaykh : It is the predicate of the subject, meaning that among the names of verbs is "alayka." You say: "Alayka Zayd" meaning: "Hold on," "Hold on to Zayd." And we say in the colloquial language "alayka bihi," "alayka bi-Zayd," meaning: "Hold on to him." How do you parse "alayka"? We say: "Alayka" is a verb of command (ism fa'il amr) meaning what?
The student: Hold on.
The Shaykh : Hold on. And it is built on the fathah for what reason? To accommodate? To accommodate the form, because "alayka" is a prepositional phrase, and its form remains as a prepositional phrase. Okay, "alayka Zayd," we say: "Alayka" is a verb of command built on the fathah, and it contains a hidden pronoun that is obligatory to be estimated as "you." Did you understand? And this kaf is part of the verb's structure, otherwise we would say the kaf of address is the doer. And "Zayd"? Here?
The student: It is the object of the verb.
The Shaykh : It is the object (maf'ul bihi) in the accusative case, marked by the visible fathah.
"And likewise 'dunaka'"
"Hakadha" (likewise) is also among the names of verbs. "Dunaka" is originally an adverb of place, not a verb of command. Its origin is the adverb "dun" (without) attached to the kaf of address; that is the origin. But it is used as a verb of command meaning: "Take." You say: "Dunaka al-kitab" meaning: "Take it." Similarly, "ilayka" is originally a prepositional phrase, where "ila" is a preposition and the kaf is a noun in the genitive case. It is used as a verb of command meaning: "Move away." "Move away" means: "Keep away from me." Yes.
"Ilayka 'anni fa-inni 'ankum mashghul"
Yes, and "ilayka" means what?
The student: Move away.
The Shaykh : Move away. Ibn al-Qayyim mentioned once in *Bada'i' al-Fawa'id*. *Bada'i' al-Fawa'id* is a book by Ibn al-Qayyim, named *Bada'i' al-Fawa'id*. It is not organized by chapters; whenever a benefit occurred to him, he wrote it in this book, but it is a good book. He researched "hamida" (praise) and "madh" (commendation) and how the Arabs distinguished between them, assigning this one a meaning and that one a meaning, even though the letters are the same. He elaborated, as was his habit (may Allah have mercy on him), with a long wind. He said: "And our Shaykh, when he researched this matter, brought forth wonders upon wonders." The Shaykh means what?
The student: Ibn Taymiyyah.
The Shaykh : Ibn Taymiyyah. But as the poet said:
"The lightning flashed in Najd, so I said to it: *** Move away from me, for I am busy with you"
He was busy with what is more important than grammatical discussions (may Allah have mercy on him). He was busy debating whom?
The student: The philosophers.
The Shaykh : The philosophers, the logicians, the people of Kalam, and others, as is known from his writings (may Allah have mercy on him and reward him with good). So, the result of his saying "ilayka 'anni" means: "Move away from me."
"The lightning flashed in Najd, so I said to it: *** Move away from me, for I am busy with you"
Very well.
"And likewise 'dunaka' with 'ilayka'
Likewise, Ruwayd
The student: Is the parsing the same, O Shaykh?
The Shaykh : Like the first one, yes. For example, you say: "Dunaka al-kitab," "Dunaka al-kitab." "Dunaka" is a verb of command built on the fathah, and the doer is a hidden pronoun that is obligatory to be estimated as what? "You." "Al-kitab"?
The student: It is the object of the verb.
The Shaykh : It is the object in the accusative case, and its marker of accusative is the visible fathah at its end. And "ilayka" is like it. Yes, did he not say?
The student: O Shaykh?
The student: Yes.
The student: Does "ilayka" come before anything other than "'anni"?
The Shaykh : If you said "ilayka ba'ida" (far away), it is "'anni." There must be something omitted in the speech; the prepositional phrase is omitted. "Ilayka ba'ida" means what?
The student: "Ilayka 'anni."
The Shaykh : Move away from me, far away. You must include it.