Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And a third, like Tayyib, is deleted *** and a Tā'ī is anomalous, pronounced with alif."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : The author (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
"And a third, like Tayyib, is deleted"
"Third" is the subject, and the beginning with an indefinite noun is permitted because it is described by "like Tayyib." And the phrase "deleted"? Is that right?
The student: The predicate of the subject.
The Shaykh : The predicate of the subject is "deleted." Who deleted it? The grammarians or the people of language?
The student: The people of language.
The Shaykh : The people of language. Tayyib, how many letters is Tayyib?
The student: Four.
The Shaykh : Four letters. The third of them is the second yā' in Tayyib. If you derive a relative from Tayyib, you must delete the second yā', which is the third letter in relation to the word as a whole, it is the third, and in relation to the yā' it is?
The student: The second.
The Shaykh : The second. So you say for Tayyib, Tayyibī, Tayyibī, and you say for Jayyid? Is that right?
The student: Jayyidī.
The Shaykh : Jayyidī, and on this basis, generalize: whenever the second yā' comes doubled, you delete the second yā' from this doubled yā'. Yes, Tayyib? How do we derive a relative from it?
The student: Tayyibī.
The Shaykh : We say: Tayyibī, and we say for Tayy, in the relative to Tayy?
The student: Tayyī'ī.
The Shaykh : Tayyī'ī, but the people of language rule and are not ruled upon. They say: So-and-so al-Tā'ī, they do not say: So-and-so al-Tayyī'ī. They make the yā' an alif, Tā'ī. If one of the Arabs said So-and-so al-Tā'ī, would we say it is a grammatical error?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: No, we do not say it is a grammatical error. Why? We say: He is the one who rules over us. But why did he say "and a Tā'ī is anomalous"? I told you the difference between rare and anomalous. Anomalous is with regard to the rules, and rare is with regard to the usage of the Arabs. So the little-used language is called?
The student: Rare.
The Shaykh : Rare, and the well-known, abundant language, but which is outside the rules of grammar, is called?
The student: Anomalous.
The Shaykh : Anomalous, because it established itself through the usage of the Arabs for it, but it contradicted the rules, so it is?
The student: Anomalous.
The Shaykh : Anomalous, but it is an anomaly that is acted upon and not generalized from. The anomaly in hadith, is it acted upon or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Why do we not act upon it?
The student: Weak.
Another student: It is contradictory.
The Shaykh : Because it is weak. One of the conditions of an authentic hadith is that it not be anomalous. But the anomaly in the Arabic language is acted upon and not generalized from. So if I say, for example: So-and-so al-Tā'ī came to me, you do not say it is a grammatical error. I act upon it, but I do not generalize from it. Yes, so the rule from this verse is: every four-letter noun whose second letter is doubled, what do we do with it?
The student: The yā' is deleted.
The Shaykh : Which of the two yā's?
The student: The second.
The Shaykh : The second. So if a person asks you, what do you say about the Arabs' saying Tā'ī? We say this is outside the analogy, it is anomalous. Good.
"And a third, like Tayyib, is deleted"
"Third" is the subject, and the beginning with an indefinite noun is permitted because it is described by "like Tayyib." And the phrase "deleted"? Is that right?
The student: The predicate of the subject.
The Shaykh : The predicate of the subject is "deleted." Who deleted it? The grammarians or the people of language?
The student: The people of language.
The Shaykh : The people of language. Tayyib, how many letters is Tayyib?
The student: Four.
The Shaykh : Four letters. The third of them is the second yā' in Tayyib. If you derive a relative from Tayyib, you must delete the second yā', which is the third letter in relation to the word as a whole, it is the third, and in relation to the yā' it is?
The student: The second.
The Shaykh : The second. So you say for Tayyib, Tayyibī, Tayyibī, and you say for Jayyid? Is that right?
The student: Jayyidī.
The Shaykh : Jayyidī, and on this basis, generalize: whenever the second yā' comes doubled, you delete the second yā' from this doubled yā'. Yes, Tayyib? How do we derive a relative from it?
The student: Tayyibī.
The Shaykh : We say: Tayyibī, and we say for Tayy, in the relative to Tayy?
The student: Tayyī'ī.
The Shaykh : Tayyī'ī, but the people of language rule and are not ruled upon. They say: So-and-so al-Tā'ī, they do not say: So-and-so al-Tayyī'ī. They make the yā' an alif, Tā'ī. If one of the Arabs said So-and-so al-Tā'ī, would we say it is a grammatical error?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: No, we do not say it is a grammatical error. Why? We say: He is the one who rules over us. But why did he say "and a Tā'ī is anomalous"? I told you the difference between rare and anomalous. Anomalous is with regard to the rules, and rare is with regard to the usage of the Arabs. So the little-used language is called?
The student: Rare.
The Shaykh : Rare, and the well-known, abundant language, but which is outside the rules of grammar, is called?
The student: Anomalous.
The Shaykh : Anomalous, because it established itself through the usage of the Arabs for it, but it contradicted the rules, so it is?
The student: Anomalous.
The Shaykh : Anomalous, but it is an anomaly that is acted upon and not generalized from. The anomaly in hadith, is it acted upon or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Why do we not act upon it?
The student: Weak.
Another student: It is contradictory.
The Shaykh : Because it is weak. One of the conditions of an authentic hadith is that it not be anomalous. But the anomaly in the Arabic language is acted upon and not generalized from. So if I say, for example: So-and-so al-Tā'ī came to me, you do not say it is a grammatical error. I act upon it, but I do not generalize from it. Yes, so the rule from this verse is: every four-letter noun whose second letter is doubled, what do we do with it?
The student: The yā' is deleted.
The Shaykh : Which of the two yā's?
The student: The second.
The Shaykh : The second. So if a person asks you, what do you say about the Arabs' saying Tā'ī? We say this is outside the analogy, it is anomalous. Good.