The Prophets are Infallible in What They Convey

Q: I heard an Islamic scholar say: The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) makes mistakes. Is this correct? I have also heard that Imam Malik said: "Every one of us is a refuter and is refuted, except the occupant of this grave," with an explanation of the hadith of the fly after some people dared to deny it?
A: All Muslims, without exception, have agreed that the Prophets (peace be upon them), and especially their seal, Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), are protected from error in what they convey from Allah regarding rulings, as He said : [Surah al-Najm: 1-5]. So our Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is protected in everything he conveys from Allah of the Shari'ah, whether in speech, action, or approval. There is no dispute among the scholars regarding this.
The majority of scholars also held that he is infallible from major sins, but not from minor ones. A minor sin may occur from him, but he does not persist in it; rather, he is alerted to it and leaves it.
As for matters of this world, error may occur and then he is alerted to it, as happened with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when he passed by a group of people pollinating date palms and said: When they left it alone, it became dry, so they informed him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: For I have not lied about Allah. It was narrated by Muslim in his Sahih. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) made it clear that people are more knowledgeable about their worldly affairs: how they pollinate the date palms? How they plant? How they sow and harvest? As for what the Prophets convey from Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He), they are infallible regarding that.
So the statement of whoever says: The Prophet makes mistakes; this is a false statement, and it is necessary to distinguish as we mentioned. And the statement of Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "There is no one among us but a refuter and one who is refuted, except the occupant of this grave" is a correct statement that the scholars accepted. And Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) is among the best of the Muslim scholars, and he is the Imam of the City of Migration in his time in the second century, and this statement of his is a correct statement that the scholars accepted. So every individual among the scholars refutes and is refuted, whereas the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) does not say anything but the truth, so he is not refuted. Rather, all his speech is truth in what he conveys from Allah the Exalted, and in what he informs about with certainty, or commands, or calls to.
As for the hadith of the fly: it is an authentic hadith, narrated by al-Bukhari in his Sahih. And the Prophet informed about it with certainty, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: It has corroborating narrations from the hadith of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri and the hadith of Anas ibn Malik, and all of them are authentic. And the Ummah accepted it, and whoever criticizes it is mistaken and ignorant, and it is not permissible to rely on him in that. And whoever says: It is from matters of this world and relies on the hadith: has erred; because the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) was certain about this and established a legal ruling based on it, and he did not say "I think," rather he was certain and commanded. And this contains legislation from the Messenger; because he said: So this is a command from the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) and legislation for the Ummah, and he does not speak from desire, it is nothing but a revelation that is revealed. And success is from Allah.