The ruling on one who remembers a missed prayer after beginning the current one
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Question:
What is the ruling on one who remembers a missed prayer after he has begun the current one? Does he change his intention? Or does he remain in his current state? May Allah reward you with good.
Answer:
If he is an imam, or a follower, his case is one; and if he is praying alone, his case is another. If he has an obligatory prayer that he forgot or slept through, and then he begins the prayer after it while forgetting, he must break off that prayer and pray the missed obligatory prayer first, in order. For example, if he slept through the midday prayer and forgot it, and then he remembered when he was praying the afternoon prayer, he must break off the afternoon prayer and intend to pray the midday prayer. If he is a follower, he breaks off the prayer and intends the midday prayer. If he is an imam, he intends the midday prayer in his prayer, while those behind him intend the afternoon prayer, and their prayer is valid, just as Mu'adh prayed with his companions. Mu'adh prayed with his companions while he had already prayed the night prayer with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he was praying the obligatory prayer with them.
The point is that if he is an imam and remembers that he has a previous obligatory prayer, he prays it as a voluntary prayer, intending it as voluntary, and he completes his voluntary prayer. Then he stands up to pray, and their prayer is valid. And if, at the time of consecration, after he has consecrated, he intends the missed prayer that is upon him, it is also valid for him, and their prayer is valid for them, because, according to the correct view, a difference in intention has no effect.
And if he is a follower who consecrated with them for the afternoon prayer, thinking that he does not have the midday prayer, and then he remembers that he has the midday prayer, he intends to break off the prayer, then he consecrates anew with the intention of the midday prayer, and this suffices in place of the afternoon prayer. So when he prays the midday prayer, he prays the afternoon prayer after it, whether in the mosque or in his home. If he finds a congregation, he prays the afternoon prayer with them; otherwise, he prays it in his home. Praise be to Allah. Yes.
The presenter: May Allah reward you with good. So the missed prayer is prioritized in all cases?
The Shaykh: Yes; except if he does not remember until after that, then he owes nothing. If he does not remember that he has the midday prayer, and he does not remember until after he has prayed the afternoon prayer, the afternoon prayer suffices, and he prays the midday prayer afterwards. Yes.
The presenter: May Allah reward you with good.
What is the ruling on one who remembers a missed prayer after he has begun the current one? Does he change his intention? Or does he remain in his current state? May Allah reward you with good.
Answer:
If he is an imam, or a follower, his case is one; and if he is praying alone, his case is another. If he has an obligatory prayer that he forgot or slept through, and then he begins the prayer after it while forgetting, he must break off that prayer and pray the missed obligatory prayer first, in order. For example, if he slept through the midday prayer and forgot it, and then he remembered when he was praying the afternoon prayer, he must break off the afternoon prayer and intend to pray the midday prayer. If he is a follower, he breaks off the prayer and intends the midday prayer. If he is an imam, he intends the midday prayer in his prayer, while those behind him intend the afternoon prayer, and their prayer is valid, just as Mu'adh prayed with his companions. Mu'adh prayed with his companions while he had already prayed the night prayer with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he was praying the obligatory prayer with them.
The point is that if he is an imam and remembers that he has a previous obligatory prayer, he prays it as a voluntary prayer, intending it as voluntary, and he completes his voluntary prayer. Then he stands up to pray, and their prayer is valid. And if, at the time of consecration, after he has consecrated, he intends the missed prayer that is upon him, it is also valid for him, and their prayer is valid for them, because, according to the correct view, a difference in intention has no effect.
And if he is a follower who consecrated with them for the afternoon prayer, thinking that he does not have the midday prayer, and then he remembers that he has the midday prayer, he intends to break off the prayer, then he consecrates anew with the intention of the midday prayer, and this suffices in place of the afternoon prayer. So when he prays the midday prayer, he prays the afternoon prayer after it, whether in the mosque or in his home. If he finds a congregation, he prays the afternoon prayer with them; otherwise, he prays it in his home. Praise be to Allah. Yes.
The presenter: May Allah reward you with good. So the missed prayer is prioritized in all cases?
The Shaykh: Yes; except if he does not remember until after that, then he owes nothing. If he does not remember that he has the midday prayer, and he does not remember until after he has prayed the afternoon prayer, the afternoon prayer suffices, and he prays the midday prayer afterwards. Yes.
The presenter: May Allah reward you with good.
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.