How does one make up the loud and quiet prayers?
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His final question: How does a Muslim make up a prayer he missed, meaning a complete prayer, such as the Fajr prayer? And if the prayer is a loud one, is it obligatory for him to recite it loudly? Please inform us, may Allah bless you.
Answer: Whoever has prayers to make up should make them up as if he were performing them in their proper time. If they are loud prayers, he makes them up loudly, such as Fajr, 'Isha', and Maghrib. If they are quiet prayers, he makes them up quietly, such as Zuhr and 'Asr. He makes them up as he would perform them in their time. This is if he left them off due to forgetfulness, or sleep, or a doubtful illness where he claimed he could not perform them while he was in a state of illness, so he delayed them out of ignorance. This person makes them up as they were.
As for if he left them off intentionally, and then Allah guided him and he repented, he does not have to make them up. This is because leaving them off intentionally is disbelief (kufr). So if he repents to Allah from that, he does not have to make them up; rather, repentance erases what came before it. If he repents with a sincere repentance from leaving off the prayer, Allah erases what he left off for him by that, and he does not have to make them up according to the most correct of the scholars' opinions. Making them up is only for the one who left them off out of forgetfulness, or out of his ignorance of the obligation to perform them due to an illness that struck him, so he wanted to delay them until he could pray them while healthy; or due to sleep. This is the one who makes them up.
As for the one who leaves them off intentionally, we seek refuge in Allah from that, this is disbelief (kufr). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sunan Ibn Majah 1079Sahih (Darussalam) Imam Ahmad and the people of the Sunan narrated it with a sound chain, from Buraydah (may Allah be pleased with him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Imam Muslim narrated it in his Sahih, in other hadiths that indicate this.
So the summary is that if he leaves them off intentionally, either out of negligence regarding them or denial of their obligation, he commits disbelief (kufr). If he is one who denies their obligation, he commits disbelief (kufr) by scholarly consensus. The scholars agreed that whoever denies the obligation of the prayer commits disbelief (kufr) by consensus. We ask Allah for safety.
As for if he leaves them off out of negligence and laziness, this resembles the hypocrites, and this is major shirk (associating partners with Allah) according to the most correct of the scholars' opinions. So he must repent to Allah with a sincere, earnest repentance that includes regret for what has passed, abandoning that, and resolving not to return to such a thing. This repentance is sufficient for him, praise be to Allah, and he does not have to make them up. Yes.
Answer: Whoever has prayers to make up should make them up as if he were performing them in their proper time. If they are loud prayers, he makes them up loudly, such as Fajr, 'Isha', and Maghrib. If they are quiet prayers, he makes them up quietly, such as Zuhr and 'Asr. He makes them up as he would perform them in their time. This is if he left them off due to forgetfulness, or sleep, or a doubtful illness where he claimed he could not perform them while he was in a state of illness, so he delayed them out of ignorance. This person makes them up as they were.
As for if he left them off intentionally, and then Allah guided him and he repented, he does not have to make them up. This is because leaving them off intentionally is disbelief (kufr). So if he repents to Allah from that, he does not have to make them up; rather, repentance erases what came before it. If he repents with a sincere repentance from leaving off the prayer, Allah erases what he left off for him by that, and he does not have to make them up according to the most correct of the scholars' opinions. Making them up is only for the one who left them off out of forgetfulness, or out of his ignorance of the obligation to perform them due to an illness that struck him, so he wanted to delay them until he could pray them while healthy; or due to sleep. This is the one who makes them up.
As for the one who leaves them off intentionally, we seek refuge in Allah from that, this is disbelief (kufr). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
The covenant that distinguishes between us and them is prayer; so whoever leaves it, he has committed Kufr.
العهد الذي بيننا وبينهم الصلاة فمن تركها فقد كفرBetween a man and disbelief and shirk (associating partners with Allah) is the abandonment of prayer.
بين الرجل وبين الكفر والشرك ترك الصلاةSo the summary is that if he leaves them off intentionally, either out of negligence regarding them or denial of their obligation, he commits disbelief (kufr). If he is one who denies their obligation, he commits disbelief (kufr) by scholarly consensus. The scholars agreed that whoever denies the obligation of the prayer commits disbelief (kufr) by consensus. We ask Allah for safety.
As for if he leaves them off out of negligence and laziness, this resembles the hypocrites, and this is major shirk (associating partners with Allah) according to the most correct of the scholars' opinions. So he must repent to Allah with a sincere, earnest repentance that includes regret for what has passed, abandoning that, and resolving not to return to such a thing. This repentance is sufficient for him, praise be to Allah, and he does not have to make them up. Yes.
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.