How does a Muslim make up the prayers he missed?
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Q: How does a Muslim make up the prayers he missed? And if the prayer is one in which the recitation is loud, is it obligatory for him to recite loudly when making it up?
A: One who has prayers to make up should perform them as if he were performing them in their proper time. If it is a prayer with loud recitation, he makes it up with loud recitation, such as Fajr. If it is a prayer with quiet recitation, he makes it up with quiet recitation, such as Zuhr and 'Asr. This applies if he left them off due to forgetfulness, sleep, or a doubtful illness where he claims he is unable to perform them while ill, and he delayed them out of ignorance so that he could make them up when he is healthy.
However, if he left them off out of laziness and negligence, there is a difference of opinion among the scholars regarding whether this constitutes disbelief. The correct view is that he commits disbelief by doing so. He does not have to make up the prayers; rather, he must repent from that, based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):Sahih Muslim 82b narrated by Imam Muslim in his Sahih. And the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): Sunan Ibn Majah 1079Sahih (Darussalam) reported by Imam Ahmad and the people of the four Sunan collections with a sound chain.
As for one who leaves them off by denying their obligation, he commits disbelief by the consensus of the scholars. We ask Allah for safety and well-being.
In summary: if he left them off intentionally while denying their obligation, he commits disbelief by consensus. However, if he left them off out of negligence and laziness, this resembles the hypocrites, and it is major shirk (associating partners with Allah) according to the most correct of the scholars' opinions. He must repent to Allah with sincere, earnest repentance that includes regret for what has passed, abandoning the act, and resolving not to return to it. This repentance is sufficient for him, praise be to Allah, and he does not have to make up the prayers.
A: One who has prayers to make up should perform them as if he were performing them in their proper time. If it is a prayer with loud recitation, he makes it up with loud recitation, such as Fajr. If it is a prayer with quiet recitation, he makes it up with quiet recitation, such as Zuhr and 'Asr. This applies if he left them off due to forgetfulness, sleep, or a doubtful illness where he claims he is unable to perform them while ill, and he delayed them out of ignorance so that he could make them up when he is healthy.
However, if he left them off out of laziness and negligence, there is a difference of opinion among the scholars regarding whether this constitutes disbelief. The correct view is that he commits disbelief by doing so. He does not have to make up the prayers; rather, he must repent from that, based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):
Between man and polytheism and unbelief is the abandonment of salat.
بين الرجل وبين الشرك والكفر ترك الصلاةThe covenant that distinguishes between us and them is prayer; so whoever leaves it, he has committed Kufr.
العهد الذي بيننا وبينهم الصلاة فمن تركها فقد كفرAs for one who leaves them off by denying their obligation, he commits disbelief by the consensus of the scholars. We ask Allah for safety and well-being.
In summary: if he left them off intentionally while denying their obligation, he commits disbelief by consensus. However, if he left them off out of negligence and laziness, this resembles the hypocrites, and it is major shirk (associating partners with Allah) according to the most correct of the scholars' opinions. He must repent to Allah with sincere, earnest repentance that includes regret for what has passed, abandoning the act, and resolving not to return to it. This repentance is sufficient for him, praise be to Allah, and he does not have to make up the prayers.
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.